目的 研究氟化膜前处理对轮胎镍钛合金丝镀层结合力的影响以及氰化镀黄铜工艺参数对镀层表面结构和元素含量的影响,并探究其不同工艺参数下对镀层与橡胶之间黏合性能的影响。方法 以镍钛合金为基体,采用电沉积方式氰化镀黄铜,研究氟化膜前处理工艺参数对镍钛合金丝镀黄铜镀层结合力的影响,氰化镀黄铜工艺参数对镍钛合金丝镀黄铜的表面形貌影响,并通过研究镍钛合金丝镀黄铜后与橡胶黏合力性能分析,确定最佳的工艺参数。结果 氟化膜前处理技术对镍钛合金丝镀黄铜的结合力有显著影响,随着处理次数增多和时间延长,镍钛合金丝镀黄铜的结合力逐渐增大,但对镍钛合金丝镀黄铜的元素含量没有显著影响;电流密度和电镀时间对镍钛合金丝镀黄铜镀层的微观结构、元素比例以及镀层厚度具有调控作用;当电流密度为7 A/dm2以及电镀时间为20 min时镀层的黏合力达到最大,此时镍钛合金丝镀黄铜的镀层与橡胶黏合力为140 N/mm2。结论 氟化膜前处理对镀层结合力有较大影响并对镀层元素含量影响较小,氰化镀铜工艺参数对镀层形貌、元素含量及镀层厚度影响较大,并且镀层的元素含量和镀层厚度对橡胶黏合力有较大影响。
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of fluoridation film pretreatment process parameters on the adhesion and surface morphology of cyanide-plated brass coatings on nickel-titanium alloy wires, and the influence of cyanide-plating process parameters on the surface structure and elemental composition of such coatings. It also examines the rubber adhesion properties of the plated layer under different cyanide brass plating process parameters and identifies the optimal process parameters based on the rubber adhesion performance of the plated layer. Nickel-titanium alloy wire is use as the substrate and high-purity graphite is used as the anode, the substrate is polished with 1 200-2 000 grit sandpaper until a smooth surface is obtained. It is then degreased using anhydrous alcohol, air-dried with cold airflow, and subsequently transferred to a desiccator for later use. As titanium is an active metal prone to oxidation and the formation of oxide films in air, substrate pretreatment prior to electrodeposition is required to create a clean, transitional surface that promotes coating adhesion, thereby providing a foundation for subsequent plating processe. The microstructure, composition, and thickness of the coating surface are examined using a scanning electron microscope (JEOL-IT800). Elemental composition analysis is performed with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Phase identification and analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns (Bruker D8) are conducted using MDI Jade software. Finally, rubber adhesion performance testing is conducted on the plating layer. The rubber adhesion performance is determined using the extraction method specified in GB/T 3513-2018 "Determination of Adhesion between Vulcanized Rubber and Single Steel Wire." By analyzing the variation in rubber adhesion performance of brass coatings electroplated on nickel-titanium alloy wires, the optimal process parameters for the electroplating of brass on nickel-titanium alloy wires are identified. The process parameters of fluoridation film pretreatment have a significant influence on cyanide brass plating on nickel-titanium alloy wires. As the number of fluoridation membrane treatments and the duration of each treatment increase, the adhesion of the cyanide brass plating on nickel-titanium alloy wires progressively improves. Furthermore, this process does not have a significant effect on the elemental peak intensity of the plating layer. When the fluoridation film pretreatment is performed twice, each lasting 60 seconds, a dense and well-formed fluoridation film is formed between the layers, which exhibits excellent performance. Current density and plating time jointly govern the surface morphology, elemental ratio, and coating thickness of the cyanide-plated brass coating on nickel-titanium alloy wires. At a current density of 7 A/dm2 and a plating time of 20 minutes, the coating surface exhibits a dense, bright morphology with elemental ratios of 72.43∶27.57 and 73.15∶26.85, respectively, and coating thicknesses of 15.38 µm and 16.69 µm, respectively. The corrosion potentials relative to the standard electrode are -0.226 V and -0.226 V, respectively, and the minimum corrosion currents are 2.991 mA/cm2 and 1.105 mA/cm2, respectively.Elemental composition and coating thickness have a significantly influence on the rubber adhesion properties of coating. When the copper-to-zinc ratio is within the range of 7∶3 to 8∶2, sulfur bond density reaches an optimal value,resulting in the highest rubber adhesion strength. Optimal performance and adhesion are achieved when coating thickness is within the range of 5-20 µm, which demonstrates excellent rubber bonding characteristics. Consequently, under conditions of a current density of 7 A/dm2 and a plating time of 20 minutes , coating exhibits maximum rubber adhesion strength, with the cyanide-plated brass coating on nickel-titanium alloy wires achieving a rubber bonding strength of 140 N/mm2. fluoridation film pretreatment has a significant impact on coating adhesion but has little effect on elemental content. Process parameters for cyanide brass plating have a substantial influence on coating morphology, elemental composition, and thickness. Both elemental content and coating thickness have a significant effect on rubber adhesion strength.
关键词
镍钛合金 /
前处理 /
氰化镀黄铜 /
电化学 /
黏合力
Key words
Nickel titanium alloy /
Pre-processing /
Cyanide plated brass /
Electrochemistry /
Adhesion force
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