目的 镁合金因其良好的生物相容性和可降解性,是引导骨再生膜的有前景的候选材料。然而,其降解过程常伴随局部碱化和金属离子过度释放,显著影响细胞活性。因此,亟需通过表面改性减缓镁合金的降解并促进骨细胞活性。方法 采用电化学处理结合酸洗工艺,在AZ31B镁合金表面构建微纳米多孔结构,通过表面表征方法与电化学测试对其表面形貌、成分、粗糙度、润湿性及降解行为进行表征,并结合体外细胞实验评价其生物学性能。结果 在AZ31B镁合金表面成功构建了平均长轴为(2.47 ± 1.79) μm、平均短轴为(1.10 ± 1.12) μm的微纳米多孔结构,该表面呈弱疏水特性,孔隙结构可产生“气垫效应”,阻碍腐蚀性介质的快速渗透,从而减缓镁基体的降解。与基体相比,多孔表面血小板黏附减少,且未见明显激活,溶血率低于5%。该结构可增加细胞-材料界面的锚定点,促进伪足显著伸长,从而增强细胞黏附。同时,其弱疏水特性有利于蛋白质吸附,表面蛋白质吸附量达(0.527 ± 0.018) μg/cm2,显著高于AZ31B基体的(0.398 ± 0.048) μg/cm2,进一步促进了早期细胞黏附。该结构在细胞培养中表现出优异的增殖性能,第1天细胞存活率达(104.8 ± 4.2)%,证实了其促进细胞生长的特性。结论 该微纳多孔结构可作为多功能平台,为镁基生物材料的表面功能化与性能优化提供思路与技术基础。本研究表明,合理的表面微结构设计是实现降解行为与生物活性协同调控的有效策略,可为未来高性能可降解镁基植入物的开发提供有价值的指导。
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are promising candidate materials for guided bone regeneration membranes due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their degradation process is often accompanied by local alkalization and excessive release of metal ions, significantly affecting cell activity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to slow down the degradation of magnesium alloys and promote osteoblast activity through surface modification. A micro-nano porous structure was fabricated on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy via electrochemical treatment combined with acid pickling process. The surface morphology, composition, roughness, wettability, and degradation behavior were characterized with surface characterization methods and electrochemical tests, and the biological performance was evaluated through in vitro cell experiments. Herein, a micro-nano porous structure was successfully constructed on the surface of AZ31B Mg alloy via a combination of electrochemical porous treatment and acid washing. The pores exhibited an average major axis of (2.47 ± 1.79) μm and an average minor axis of (1.10 ± 1.12) μm, and were designed to attenuate degradation and promote osteogenic activity. Owing to the weakly hydrophobic nature, the pores generated an "air cushion effect" that hindered the rapid infiltration of corrosive media, thereby slowing the degradation of the Mg substrate. Specifically, the trapped air within the pores reduced the effective contact area between the corrosive solution and the substrate, delaying the initial electrochemical attack and contributing to a relatively stable surface microenvironment during the early immersion stage. This effect was beneficial for preserving the structural integrity of the Mg alloy substrate and mitigating the adverse effect of excessively rapid degradation on surrounding cells and tissues. The porous structure increased the number of anchorage sites at the cell-material interface and promoted significant elongation of pseudopodia, thereby enhancing cell adhesion. Such topographical features facilitated cytoskeletal organization and spreading behavior, indicating that the porous surface provided more effective physical support for early cell attachment. The enhanced extension of pseudopodia also suggested stronger cell-substrate interactions, which was closely related to improved cellular activity. Meanwhile, the weak hydrophobicity facilitated protein adsorption, increasing the surface protein adsorption amount to approximately (0.527 ± 0.018) μg/cm2, which was significantly higher than that of the AZ31B substrate (0.398 ± 0.048 μg/cm2), thereby further promoting early cell adhesion. Increased protein adsorption was of particular importance, as adsorbed proteins served as initial biological cues that mediated subsequent cell recognition and attachment. Thus, the synergistic effect of the porous topography and weak hydrophobicity created a more bioactive surface for early-stage cell responses. Consequently, this structure demonstrated excellent proliferative performance in cell culture, with cell viability reaching (104.8 ± 4.2)% on day 1, confirming its cell growth promoting properties. This result further indicated that the constructed porous surface could effectively support early cellular adaptation and proliferation without inducing obvious cytotoxic effects. Overall, this micro-nano porous structure serves as a versatile platform, providing insights and a technical foundation for the surface functionalization and performance optimization of Mg-based biomaterials. The present work demonstrates that rational surface microstructure design is an effective approach for achieving synergistic regulation of degradation behavior and bioactivity, and may offer valuable guidance for the future development of high-performance biodegradable Mg-based implants.
关键词
镁合金 /
微纳米孔结构 /
蛋白吸附 /
细胞黏附 /
细胞增殖 /
血液相容性
Key words
magnesium alloys /
micro-nano porous structure /
protein adsorption /
cell adhesion /
cell proliferation /
hemocompatibility
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基金
广东省科技计划项目（2024A0505040016）; 广东省自然科学基金面上项目（2025A1515010026）
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