目的 针对钛合金在干摩擦或边界润滑条件下易磨损,界面润滑膜难以实现稳定润滑的问题,提出了仿生汗腺闭环式正弦微流道自润滑设计,以此实现润滑剂亚表面储存、表面补给、亚表面供给与表面润滑剂需求间的平衡。方法 采用金属3D打印制备含闭环式正弦微孔结构的钛合金试样,在真空放电等离子烧结设备中融渗SnCuAg-Graphene（SG）复合固体润滑剂于正弦微孔结构,获得具有正弦微流道的Ti-S、Ti-SG-1、Ti-SG-2、Ti-SG-3、Ti-SG-4试样（Graphene质量分数分别为0%、0.50%、1.00%、1.50%、2.00%）。随后开展球-盘式干摩擦试验,载荷分别为3、6、9、12、15 N,每组至少重复3次取平均值,结合FESEM/EDS与三维轮廓仪分析磨痕形貌、元素分布与磨损特征。结果 与未融渗试样相比,融渗后的试样摩擦系数与磨损率整体降低,表明亚表面微流道可有效改善钛合金摩擦学性能。与仅含SnCuAg的Ti-S相比,SnCuAg-Graphene复合润滑体系在相同载荷下表现出更低的摩擦系数与磨损率。通过调控复合润滑剂组成,当Graphene为1.50%时,Ti-SG-3试样综合摩擦学性能最佳,在12 N载荷下平均摩擦系数约0.27,磨损率约3.03×10‒4 mm3/(N·m),磨痕表面更加光滑（Sq=0.23 μm,Sa=0.18 μm）。结论 闭环式正弦微流道能够提供连续的储存-输运路径,并能促进摩擦界面润滑剂持续补给,使复合固体润滑剂亚表面供给与表面需求达到平衡。SnCuAg抑制了Graphene氧化并促进SnCuAg塑性流动,Graphene增强了SnCuAg的承载能力,提高了固体润滑膜的摩擦学性能,增强了钛合金在苛刻工况下的减摩抗磨能力与服役可靠性。
Abstract
The work aims to solve the problem that Ti-alloys easily get serious wear under dry friction or boundary lubrication situations, making the interface lubrication film difficult to keep a good and stable lubrication effect. Under the inspiration from the automatic perspiration mechanism of the tiny structure of human body's sweat glands, a bionic sweat gland closed sine-shaped micro-flow channel for the self-lubrication design is put forward to well reach a perfect balance among the under-surface storage, surface supplement, under-surface supply and surface need of solid lubricants. The Ti-alloy test pieces which hold the closed sine-shaped tiny flow paths are manufactured via metallic 3D printing. A SnCuAg-Graphene (SG) composite lubricant is injected into the microchannels by means of a vacuum discharge plasma-aided infiltration method. Five groups of test samples have been prepared, that is Ti-S (without graphene) and Ti-SG-1, Ti-SG-2, Ti-SG-3 and Ti-SG-4, whose graphene mass fractions are 0, 0.50wt.%, 1.00wt.%, 1.50wt.%, and 2.00wt.% in order, to carry out the systematic research on the effect of graphene content on the obtained tribological behavior. Afterwards, the ball-on-disk friction experiment is conducted on a MFT-5000 friction testing machine, with a Si3N4 ball (diameter 6 mm, hardness 15.54 GPa) as the counterpart. The test is carried out at a relative humidity of 45%-50%, under normal loads of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 N and a sliding velocity of 0.25 m/s during 80 min. The friction coefficient has got continuous recording, and every load situation is conducted three times to get average numerical values. The morphology of the wear scar, the distribution of elements and the wear characteristics are analyzed by combining FESEM/EDS with a 3D profilometer. The results show that, compared with the unpermeated samples, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the permeated samples are well reduced, indicating that subsurface microchannels can effectively improve the tribological properties of Ti-alloys. Compared with the Ti-S sample containing only SnCuAg, the SnCuAg-Graphene lubrication system exhibits a lower friction coefficient and wear rate under the same load. By adjusting the composition of the composite lubricant, when the Graphene content is 1.50wt.%, the Ti-SG-3 has the best comprehensive tribological performance, with an average friction coefficient of approximately 0.27 and a wear rate of about 3.03×10‒4 mm3/(N·m) under 12 N load, and the wear scar is smoother (Sq=0.23 μm, Sa=0.18 μm), which indicates that a more continuous protection lubrication film has been formed. In conclusion, the closed sinusoidal microchannels act as an integrated "storage-transport" network which promotes the keeping of the lubricant under the surface, and helps the continuous sending of the lubricant to the contact area, thus reaching a good equilibrium between the under-surface provision and surface requirement of the lubricants and reducing the film shortage and making an interface condition stable in a long-time sliding. Meanwhile, SnCuAg suppresses the Graphene oxidation, and facilitates the plastic flow of soft SnCuAg. Graphene enhances the load-bearing capacity of SnCuAg, thereby improving the tribological bahavior of the lubrication film, boosting the friction reduction, wear resistance, and operational reliability of Ti-alloys under the severe service conditions.
关键词
仿生汗腺 /
闭环式正弦微流道 /
SnCuAg-Graphene /
摩擦磨损 /
自修复润滑
Key words
biomimetic sweat gland /
closed sinusoidal microchannel /
SnCuAg-Graphene /
friction and wear /
self-repairing lubrication
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基金
河南省自然基金项目（262300420053）; 河南省科技攻关项目（252102220126）; 河南省教育厅高等学校重点研发项目（25B430039）
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