目的 合成一种磷酸酯胺盐离子液体AW,对比其与基础油PAO 10和商用添加剂AW6110润滑钛合金的摩擦学性能。方法 将PAO 10、AW6110和AW作为钢/钛摩擦副的润滑剂,采用同步热分析仪测定3种润滑剂的热稳定性,采用SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机测定其在室温和高温下的摩擦性能,并使用非接触三维表面轮廓仪测量磨损体积。通过SEM、XPS对摩擦实验结束后的磨斑进行表面形貌和元素组成分析。结果 合成的离子液体AW在室温和高温下均表现出最为优异的减摩抗磨能力,相比于AW6110的磨损体积,其在室温和高温下分别减少了14.38%和22.03%。在对磨斑的元素组成分析中检测出了离子液体中具有的活性元素N和P。结论 离子液体AW具有明显优于基础油PAO 10的摩擦学性能,且通过摩擦学性能对比发现可替代商用添加剂AW6110,通过对磨斑进行XPS测试,可以得出离子液体在摩擦过程中与钛合金发生了摩擦化学反应,在钛合金表面生成了一层具有保护作用的润滑膜,有效减少了钛合金的摩擦磨损现象,表现出所合成离子液体优异的摩擦学性能,这对于后续钛合金的高效润滑剂研究提供了一定思路,对钛合金材料的应用范围拓展也具有重要意义。
Abstract
Due to its poor tribological properties, titanium alloy is prone to friction and wear in processing or application, resulting in equipment damage and failure. In order to improve its tribological properties, a phosphate amine salt ionic liquid (named AW) was designed and prepared, which was used as a new lubricant to improve the tribological properties of the titanium alloy. In this work, base oil PAO 10 and commercial additive AW6110 were selected for comparison to explore their lubrication performance on steel/titanium friction pairs, and the substitutability of ionic liquid AW for commercial additive AW6110 was analyzed through experiments. The thermal decomposition temperature of the three lubricants was measured by synchronous thermal analyzer. It was found that the thermal decomposition temperature of PAO 10 was the highest, while the thermal decomposition temperature of AW and AW6110 was not much different, indicating that AW had little effect on the thermal stability during the lubrication process after replacement of AW6110. The friction and wear properties of the three lubricants at room temperature and high temperature were measured by SRV-IV fretting friction and wear tester and non-contact three-dimensional surface profiler. It was found that the ionic liquid AW showed the most excellent anti-friction and anti-wear ability at different temperatures. The wear volume at room temperature and high temperature was reduced by 14.38% and 22.03% respectively compared with AW6110, which proved that the tribological properties of AW were better than AW6110. Therefore, it was concluded that ionic liquid AW could replace commercial additive AW6110 as a lubricant for titanium alloys. The wear morphology of the titanium disc was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The element distribution on the surface of the wear scar was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and the chemical state of the elements on the surface of the wear scar was further analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to explore the lubrication mechanism of ionic liquids on the surface of titanium alloy. The SEM image indicated that the wear morphologies of the three lubricants at room temperature and high temperature were similar. The wear spots of PAO 10 had serious adhesive wear, abrasive wear and metal surface spalling, while the wear spots of AW and AW6110 were significantly smaller than those of PAO 10, and the surface became smooth. After EDS test, the active elements N and P in the ionic liquid were detected on the surface of the wear spot. After XPS analysis, it was concluded that the ionic liquid had tribochemical reaction with the titanium alloy during the friction process. A lubricating protective film containing metal nitrides, titanium oxides and metal phosphates was formed on the surface of the titanium alloy, which effectively reduced the friction and wear phenomenon of the titanium alloy and showed the excellent tribological properties of the synthesized ionic liquid. This work provides a new idea and experimental basis for the subsequent development of titanium alloy lubricants with better performance and more friendly environment, and is also of great significance for the expansion of the application range of titanium alloy materials.
关键词
磷酸酯胺盐离子液体 /
添加剂 /
钛合金 /
摩擦学性能 /
润滑机理
Key words
phosphate amine salt ionic liquid /
additives /
titanium alloy /
tribological properties /
lubrication mechanism
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（U21A2046,52475226）; 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDC0180302,XDC0180301）; 中国科学院创新促进会（2022429）; 甘肃省科技计划资助（23ZDGA011,24JRRA043）; 泰山学者青年专家（tsqn202312299）; 山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目（ZR2022ZD09）
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