目的 研究气力输送系统中阀门与弯管组合段的气固两相流动及壁面冲蚀特性,揭示汽油脱硫过程中氮气输送吸附剂颗粒对管道设备的冲蚀规律及形成机制。研究对象为V型球阀与弯管组合段。方法 采用计算流体力学-离散相模型（CFD-DPM）建立三维数值模拟模型,并进行了几何建模、网格划分及边界条件设置。模拟阀门在全开及部分开启（20%、40%、60%、80%）不同工况下的流场结构、颗粒分布及壁面冲蚀特性,分析阀门开度对多相流动和冲蚀行为的影响。结果 数值模拟结果显示,当阀门全开时,冲蚀主要集中于第二弯管及直管段,最大冲蚀速率可达4.48×10-7 kg/(m2·s)。这是由于阀门为V型且第一弯管上游存在凸起结构,使流动分布不均,颗粒在第一弯管处与壁面的撞击角度相对较小,而在第二弯管及直管段撞击角度相对较大,从而在全开工况下第二弯管及直管段呈现最大冲蚀速率。阀门部分开启时,节流区高速射流显著增强颗粒动能,使冲蚀主要集中于阀芯迎流面及出口区域,其中60%开度工况下冲蚀最为显著,最大冲蚀速率为1.10×10-6 kg/(m2·s),其形成机制与阀门节流区流速增大、颗粒受流体曳力加速及撞击角度变化密切相关。进一步分析显示,流体对颗粒的速度及曳力作用在阀门及弯管段呈非均匀分布,使冲蚀强度随阀门开度及位置产生显著差异。结论 本研究揭示了阀门开度对阀门-弯管组合结构冲蚀行为的系统耦合影响规律,可为气力输送系统关键构件的防冲蚀设计与运行参数优化提供理论依据。
Abstract
This study presents a systematic investigation into the gas-solid two-phase flow and wall erosion characteristics within a valve-bend assembly of a pneumatic conveying system, aiming to elucidate the erosion patterns and underlying mechanisms induced by nitrogen-transported adsorbent particles during the gasoline desulfurization process. The study focuses on a V-ball valve connected to bends assembly, representing a typical configuration in industrial pneumatic conveying systems. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed based on the computational fluid dynamics-discrete phase model (CFD- DPM), incorporating detailed geometric modeling, structured mesh generation, and rigorous boundary condition specification to resolve the turbulent gas flow, particle transport, and wall impingement characteristics under various operating conditions. Both fully opened and partially opened valve positions, including 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% openings, are simulated to investigate the effect of valve opening on flow structures, particle trajectories, and wall erosion distribution. The numerical results reveal that under fully open conditions, the primary erosion occurs in the second bend and the downstream straight pipe segment, with a maximum erosion rate reaching 4.48×10-7 kg/(m2·s). This behavior is primarily caused by the combined effects of the V-shaped valve geometry and an upstream protrusion located immediately before the first bend. The protrusion disrupts the approaching flow, causing the particles to impact the wall of the first bend at relatively shallow angles, resulting in comparatively low local erosion rates. After traversing the intermediate straight section, the particles enter the second bend and the downstream straight segment at larger impact angles, increasing the material removal rate at these locations. Consequently, the second bend and the downstream straight section exhibit the maximum erosion intensity under fully open conditions. When the valve is partially opened, the erosion pattern shifts toward the upstream and downstream faces of the valve core. Among the different throttling scenarios considered, the 60% valve opening exhibits the most severe erosion, with a peak erosion rate of 1.10×10-8 kg/(m2·s). This enhanced erosion results from the combined effects of three factors: the accelerated flow through the throttled valve port, which increases local gas velocity and enhances particle transport; the elevated fluid drag force acting on particles, which raises particle impact velocity; and variations in particle impact angles that optimize the erosion efficiency. Secondary vortices downstream of the valve further promote repeated wall collisions, contributing to intensified local erosion. Detailed analysis of the Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling indicates that both particle velocity and instantaneous drag forces exhibit significant spatial non-uniformity within the valve cavity and the bend assembly. This non-uniformity leads to a highly heterogeneous distribution of erosion intensity along the pipe walls, varying with valve opening, axial position, and circumferential location. The study highlights the critical influence of flow-field non-uniformity, particle inertia, and secondary flow structures on the development and evolution of wall erosion. By systematically characterizing the multiphase flow behavior, particle-wall interactions, and erosion distribution within a representative valve-bend assembly, this research provides essential theoretical guidance for improving the reliability and service life of adsorbent pneumatic conveying systems.
关键词
气力输送 /
V型球阀与弯管 /
气固两相流 /
冲蚀 /
流体曳力 /
数值模拟
Key words
pneumatic conveying /
V-ball valve and bend /
gas-solid two-phase flow /
erosion /
fluid drag force /
numerical simulation
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFB3301100）; 北京化工大学交叉学科项目（XK2023-07）
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