目的 长大坡道区段是山地城市地铁钢轨波磨的高发区段,以重庆地铁十号线的波磨高发区段作为研究对象,结合现场调研和数值仿真对长大坡道区段钢轨波磨的磨耗演化特性展开全方位研究。方法 首先,依据现场调研总结了钢轨波磨在长度-宽度-深度-相位多维度的磨耗演化规律;然后,构建了轮轨接触的瞬态分析有限元模型和钢轨磨耗的计算模型;最后,基于摩擦耦合振动理论和摩擦功理论分别从振动响应和磨耗特性角度探究了钢轨波磨的多维度磨耗演化特性。结果 钢轨波磨磨耗呈现多维度演化趋势：在一个月内,长度呈现明显向两端延伸的趋势,延伸幅值接近2倍;宽度呈现缓慢拓展的趋势,扩展幅值达13.6%;深度呈现出明显加剧的趋势,加剧幅值达到1倍;相位呈现出缓慢偏移的趋势,总偏移量为1.95 mm。结论 钢轨波磨长度的延伸主要是由于轮轨振动能量的扩展;钢轨波磨宽度的拓展主要是由于轮轨横向滑移的增大;钢轨波磨深度的加剧主要是由于轮轨局部振动能量的放大;钢轨波磨相位的偏移主要是由于钢轨波磨波峰前后的摩擦切应力不均衡。本研究不仅揭示了长大坡道区段钢轨波磨磨耗演化特性,还为山地城市地铁运维提供了科学依据,对其可持续发展具有重要意义。
Abstract
The long steep-grade section is a high-incidence area for rail corrugation in mountainous city metros, where the unique topographic conditions lead to more complex wheel-rail interaction and more severe rail wear issues that have long plagued the safe and stable operation of metro systems. With the typical corrugation-prone section of Chongqing Metro Line 10, a representative mountainous city metro line, as the research object, this study comprehensively explores the wear evolution characteristics of rail corrugation in long steep-grade sections through a combination of in-depth field investigations and numerical simulation methods. Firstly, a systematic and long-term field investigation is carried out on the target section; during the investigation, rail corrugation samples are collected at different operation periods to cover the entire wear process, and advanced high-precision measurement technologies are used to continuously detect key parameters including length, width, depth and phase. Based on the rigorous statistical analysis of a large volume of measured data, the basic rules of rail corrugation evolution in multiple dimensions are initially clarified, laying a solid data foundation for the subsequent numerical simulation and mechanism analysis. Then, fully considering the special dynamic characteristics of wheel-rail contact in steep-grade sections, a transient analysis finite element model of wheel-rail contact is established, which accurately integrates the actual line parameters and vehicle dynamic parameters of Chongqing Metro Line 10. Meanwhile, a rail wear calculation model is developed, which can realize the accurate quantitative calculation of wear amount under different operation conditions. Finally, based on the friction-coupled vibration theory, the dynamic vibration response of the wheel-rail system in the steep-grade section is thoroughly analyzed, and the distribution and transmission law of vibration energy in the rail structure are clearly revealed. Combined with the friction work theory, the intrinsic correlation between friction work and wear amount is deeply explored, and the multi-dimensional evolution characteristics of rail corrugation are comprehensively analyzed from both vibration response and wear characteristics perspectives. Results show that the wear evolution of rail corrugation in the long steep-grade section presents a multi-dimensional changing trend: within one month, the length exhibits a significant trend of extending toward both ends, with an extension amplitude of nearly twice, the width displays a gradual expansion trend with an expansion amplitude of 13.6%. The depth shows a significant increasing trend, with an increase amplitude of 100% and the phase exhibits a trend of slow offset, with a total offset of 1.95 mm. In conclusion, the extension of rail corrugation length is mainly caused by the propagation of wheel-rail vibration energy along the rail longitudinal direction; the expansion of corrugation width is mainly attributed to the increase of wheel-rail lateral slip amplitude under the combined influence of slope and curve. The deepening of corrugation depth is the direct result of the amplification of local vibration energy at the corrugation position. The phase offset is mainly induced by the uneven distribution of frictional shear stress between the front and rear of the corrugation peak. This study not only deeply reveals the intrinsic wear evolution mechanism of rail corrugation in long steep-grade sections, but also provides a scientific theoretical basis and reliable technical support for the formulation of targeted and efficient maintenance strategies for mountainous city metros, which is of great practical significance for improving operation safety, reducing maintenance costs and promoting the sustainable development of metro systems.
关键词
钢轨波磨 /
多维度磨耗 /
磨耗演化 /
演化特性 /
摩擦耦合振动 /
长大坡道
Key words
rail corrugation /
multidimensional wear /
wear evolution /
evolution characteristics /
friction-coupling vibration /
long steep-grade
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目（52575202,52275176）; 重庆市杰出青年科学基金项目（CSTB2025NSCQ-JQX0026）
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