农机触土功能部件减阻强化技术研究进展

韩传龙; 史孝杰; 杨化伟; 王树城; 刘洪浩; 卢绪振; 王少伟

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.13.001

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (13) : 1-15. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.13.001

摩擦磨损与润滑

农机触土功能部件减阻强化技术研究进展

韩传龙^1,2, 史孝杰^1,2, 杨化伟^1,2, 王树城^1,2, 刘洪浩^1,2, 卢绪振^1,2, 王少伟^1,2,*

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Drag Reduction Enhancement Technology for Soil-engaging Components of Agricultural Machinery

HAN Chuanlong^1,2, SHI Xiaojie^1,2, YANG Huawei^1,2, WANG Shucheng^1,2, LIU Honghao^1,2, LU Xuzhen^1,2, WANG Shaowei^1,2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

农田作业（如耕作、播种、作物管理和收获）中直接与土壤相互作用触土功能部件的高耕作阻力显著降低了土壤作业的效率和质量,增加了燃料消耗和有害气体排放,对可持续农业的发展产生了负面影响。因此,寻找减阻强化的解决方案已成为学者们的重要研究领域。本文系统展示了典型农机触土部件及其分类,针对耕作、播种、作物管理及收获4个环节,分别梳理了土壤-触土部件减阻的研究方法及内在机制。同时,分析了减阻强化技术在农机触土部件的应用,重点围绕曲线和曲面设计、非光滑表面结构、振动减阻、表面功能化和复合减阻策略五大性能优化方向展开对照与探讨。基于文献分析与仿生研究,系统介绍了用于生物表面关键特征提取与表征方法,从生物表面、行为和结构三重视角探讨了仿生触土部件的发展趋势,并阐述了各类生物仿生技术减阻特性对触土部件耕作阻力的影响。最后,展望了减阻强化技术的未来研究方向,旨在为推动可持续农业发展提供新思路和启示。

Abstract

In agricultural operations (such as tillage, seeding, crop management, and harvesting), soil-engaging functional components interact directly with the soil, playing a critical role in determining the efficiency, energy consumption, and environmental impact of field operations. However, the high tillage resistance encounters during these processes not only reduces soil operational quality and efficiency but also leads to increased fuel consumption and elevated emissions of harmful gases, thereby hindering the advancement of sustainable agriculture. Consequently, developing effective strategies for drag reduction enhancement of these components has emerged as a critical research frontier in agricultural engineering. This paper reviews drag reduction mechanisms and enhancement technologies for typical soil-engaging components in agricultural machinery, both domestically and internationally, and discusses recent advances in biomimetic soil-engaging components.
Starting from the classification of soil-engaging components used in agricultural machinery, it presents the main components involved in each stage of the crop growth cycle. Focusing on the four main stages of agricultural production-tillage, seeding, crop management, and harvesting, it clarifies research methods and underlying mechanisms related to interaction drag reduction between soil and components. These include theoretical modeling, numerical simulations (such as Discrete Element Method and Finite Element Analysis), and experimental testing techniques.
In addition, the paper analyzes the application of various drag reduction enhancement technologies in the design of soil-engaging components. By optimizing structural design and improving force distribution in obstructed parts, these technologies contribute to better soil fragmentation and flowability during cultivation. The discussion centers on five major optimization approaches: curve and surface optimization, non-smooth surface structures, vibration-assisted drag reduction, surface functionalization, and composite drag reduction strategies. The curve and surface optimization reduces energy input by incorporating specific radii of curvature and inclination angles, which guides the soil to flow smoothly over the surface rather than accumulating and causing excessive drag. Irregular non-smooth surface structures are incorporated into the component surface, creating a micro-turbulence layer between the soil and tool interface, thereby effectively reducing soil particle adhesion and sliding resistance. Vibration-assisted drag reduction technology refers to the application of high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration to soil-engaging components, which can significantly lower the draft force. Vibratory shanks have been proven to substantially reduce operational resistance. The surface functionalization method directly addresses the tillage resistance caused by soil adhesion by altering component properties through the addition of lubricants or the development of electro-osmotic surfaces. Furthermore, when these approaches are appropriately combined, composite drag-reduction strategies generally achieve more significant and more stable reductions in resistance, thereby providing more reliable guidance for practical engineering applications.
Biomimetic research provides a rich source of inspiration for these optimization strategies. Integrating the extracted key biological features with drag-reduction technologies contributes to enhancing the effectiveness and overall efficiency of drag-reduction approaches. By analyzing the unique adaptations of soil-burrowing animals (like moles, dung beetles, and earthworms) and certain plants, researchers have identified highly efficient drag-reduction mechanisms. This paper explores the development trends of biomimetic soil-engaging components from three perspectives: biological surfaces (e.g., the non-smooth morphology of lotus leaves and sharks), behaviors (e.g., the oscillatory movement of earthworms), and overall structures (e.g., the penetrating tip of a mole's digit or the streamlined shape of a badger's foot). It elucidates how these bio-inspired characteristics, such as the bionic shovel modeled after a mole's claw or a trencher that mimics the behavior of wild rabbits, can effectively reduce tillage resistance. Finally, the paper projects future research directions. Advances in high-precision numerical simulation, advanced surface engineering techniques, and systematic biomimetic design are expected to play a pivotal role in the next generation of drag reduction technologies for agricultural machinery. The integration of these innovations aims to provide new insights and inspiration for promoting the development of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable agricultural practices.

导出引用

韩传龙, 史孝杰, 杨化伟, 王树城, 刘洪浩, 卢绪振, 王少伟. 农机触土功能部件减阻强化技术研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(13): 1-15

HAN Chuanlong, SHI Xiaojie, YANG Huawei, WANG Shucheng, LIU Honghao, LU Xuzhen, WANG Shaowei. Research Progress on Drag Reduction Enhancement Technology for Soil-engaging Components of Agricultural Machinery[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(13): 1-15

中图分类号： S221

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