目的 陶瓷轴承以其独特的减阻耐磨及抗干扰性在精密机械领域得到了广泛的应用,然而润滑剂在轴承中的使用有效提高了轴承使用寿命。本研究针对在陶瓷轴承中使用新型纳米润滑剂对轴承性能影响的微观机理进行研究。方法 采用分子动力学模拟方法,拟在陶瓷轴承晶体表面构建含有不同粒径与不同浓度的Fe3O4纳米润滑剂模型,对其进行吸附性能的研究,同时考虑润滑剂分散效果,并计算颗粒间的作用能,提出纳米润滑剂的最佳制备方案。结果 Fe3O4纳米颗粒质量分数不变时,油基与水基润滑剂中的颗粒粒径为1~2.2 nm,Al2O3晶体表面吸附能绝对值均值大幅提高;油基润滑剂中,相同粒径的双颗粒粒径在1~2.2 nm时,颗粒间相互作用能绝对值均值明显提高,吸附能绝对值均值于 1.2 nm时达最大;颗粒初始中心距在1.7~6.7 nm 时,相互作用能绝对值均值在 2.5~4.2 nm 区间内为 0,吸附能绝对值均值在4.2~5 nm时最大。粒径1.2 nm、浓度（质量分数）5.5%的纳米润滑剂,温度升至 498 K时吸附能绝对值显著下降。结论 粒径1.2 nm的Fe3O4纳米颗粒以一定质量分数分散于润滑剂中,可提高润滑剂的吸附能力,环境温度对该吸附能力有明显影响,同时颗粒团聚是影响纳米润滑剂性能的主要因素,通过计算纳米颗粒间的相互作用能,分析团聚现象的成因,避免团聚的发生。
Abstract
Ceramic bearings are widely used in precision machinery due to their unique drag-reduction, wear-resistance, and anti-interference properties. However, the use of lubricants in bearings effectively extends the service life of bearings. In recent years, with the development of nanotechnology, nano-lubricants with excellent performance have become a research focus among scientists and researchers.
This study investigates the micro-influence mechanism of new nano-lubricants on the performance of precision mechanical bearings. The molecular dynamics simulation method is adopted to explore the influence of nano-Fe3O4 lubricants on the performance of ceramic bearings. The agglomeration of nanoparticles in lubricating oil can lead to reduced lubrication performance, intensified friction on the bearing surface, and shortened bearing life; therefore, it is crucial to effectively prevent agglomeration. However, the diameter, mass fraction, and dispersion effect of nanoparticles are key factors affecting nanoparticle agglomeration. Accordingly, this study intends to construct nano-lubricant systems containing nanoparticles of different diameters and concentrations on the molecular surface model of ceramic bearings, research their lubrication performance, meanwhile take the dispersion effect of the mixed solution into account, so as to calculate the influence of nanoparticles with different spacings on intermolecular interaction energy, and propose the optimal preparation scheme for nano-lubricants used in precision mechanical ceramic bearings.
Under the condition that the mass fraction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles remains unchanged, when the particle diameter in the oil-based lubricant increases from 1 nm to 1.8 nm, the average absolute value of the adsorption energy on the Al2O3 crystal surface increases from 1 329 kcal/mol to 4 889 kcal/mol; When the particle diameter in the water-based lubricant increases from 1 nm to 2.2 nm, the average absolute value of the adsorption energy on the Al2O3 crystal surface increases from 917 kcal/mol to 5 347 kcal/mol, indicating that the adsorption capacity of the nano-lubricant on the Al2O3 crystal surface is enhanced. When two Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the same diameter are introduced into the n-hexadecane lubricant, and the particle diameter gradually increases in the range of 1 nm to 2.2 nm, the average absolute value of the interaction energy between the two particles increases from 0.001 8 kcal/mol to 0.119 6 kcal/mol; When the particle diameter is 1.2 nm, the average absolute value of the adsorption energy on the Al2O3 crystal surface reaches a maximum of 2 522 kcal/mol, corresponding to the strongest adsorption capacity. When the initial center distance of the two nanoparticles in the lubricant is in the range of 1.7 nm to 6.7 nm, the average absolute value of their interaction energy is 0 in the range of 2.5 nm to 4.2 nm (making agglomeration less likely to occur), and the average absolute value of the adsorption energy reaches the maximum (approximately 2 500 kcal/mol) when the distance is in the range of 4.2 nm to 5 nm, meaning the lubricant has relatively strong adsorption capacity. For the nanolubricant with a particle size of 1.2 nm and a concentration of 5.5wt.%, when the ambient temperature increases from 298 K to 398 K, the absolute value of the adsorption energy remains around 2 500 kcal/mol; When the temperature rises to 498 K, the absolute value of the adsorption energy decreases significantly to approximately 2 418 kcal/mol. In conclusion, when Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a particle size of 1.2 nm are dispersed in the lubricant at a certain mass fraction, the adsorption capacity of the lubricant can be enhanced. Ambient temperature exerts a significant influence on this adsorption capacity. Meanwhile, particle agglomeration is a primary factor affecting the performance of nano-lubricants. By calculating the interaction energy between nanoparticles, the causes of agglomeration can be analyzed, thus preventing the occurrence of agglomeration.
关键词
陶瓷轴承 /
纳米润滑剂 /
分子动力学模拟 /
润滑性能
Key words
ceramic bearing /
nano-lubricant /
molecular dynamics simulation /
lubrication performance
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基金
辽宁省教育厅基金面上项目（LJKZ0303）; 辽宁科技大学博士资助基金（6003000422）
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