目的 针对航空柱塞泵柱塞副在微观界面处的润滑状态尚不明确、润滑机理尚未系统揭示等问题,开展仿生微结构对柱塞副微观界面润滑行为影响机制的研究。方法 利用激光共聚焦显微镜提取虎斑蛤表面形貌特征,据此设计半椭圆形与矩形2种仿生微结构。通过数值模拟方法研究微结构内部流场动力学特性,系统分析形貌特征与尺寸参数对润滑性能的影响机制,揭示其润滑行为随表面形貌的演化规律,进而阐明仿生微结构对航空柱塞泵柱塞副微观界面润滑机理的调控作用。结果 在不同微结构深度、壁面移动速度、入口距离及微结构阵列协同条件下,2类微结构在压力分布上表现相似,而在速度流线方面,半椭圆形微结构流线更为平顺,矩形微结构尖角处则易产生流动分离。半椭圆形微结构在承载能力方面始终优于矩形结构,当深度为0.30 mm、壁面移动速度为6 m/s、入口距离为0.06 mm、间距为0.30 mm时,其承载力达到最优。在摩擦性能方面,2类结构的表现因尺寸与工况而异,当深度大于0.25 mm且壁面速度低于4 m/s时,半椭圆形结构摩擦性能更优;而当深度小于0.25 mm且速度高于4 m/s时,矩形结构表现出更低的摩擦系数,不同入口距离下矩形结构保持较优特性,而在阵列协同条件下,半椭圆形微结构展现出更显著的减摩效果。结论 微动压效应、壁面速度主导的微惯性效应、不同入口距离引发的入口卷吸效应以及微结构阵列的协同效应共同影响柱塞副微观界面的润滑特性;相比矩形微结构,半椭圆形微结构在综合润滑性能方面表现更优。本研究结果可为航空柱塞副仿生微结构的设计及其微观界面润滑性能优化提供理论支撑。
Abstract
In modern aviation hydraulic systems, piston pumps are critical components whose operational efficiency and longevity are heavily dependent on the lubrication performance at the micro-interface of plunger pairs. Under extreme conditions of high pressure, high speed, and variable temperatures, the lubrication state remains inadequately characterized, and the potential of bio-inspired surface engineering has not been thoroughly explored. The work aims to systematically investigate the effect of biomimetic micro-textures on the interfacial lubrication behavior of plunger pair in aviation piston pump, with the goal of providing both theoretical insights and practical solutions for enhancing tribological performance under demanding operational environments. The surface morphology of the tiger-spotted clam was meticulously characterized with high-resolution laser confocal microscopy. Based on this biological template, two biomimetic micro-texture geometries of semi-elliptical and rectangular shapes, were designed. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations were employed to analyze the pressure distribution, velocity streamline distribution, load-carrying capacity, and variation law of friction coefficient within the micro-textures. An extensive parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effects of several key parameters on lubrication performance. The micro-texture depth varied from 0.15 mm to 0.30 mm in increments of 0.05 mm. The wall sliding speed was tested over a range of 1 m/s to 6 m/s, while the inlet oil supply distance was examined from 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm. Additionally, the inter-texture spacing was investigated across values ranging from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. The transient evolution of the lubricating film and its interaction with the textured surface were closely examined to elucidate the dynamic mechanisms governing micro-interfacial lubrication. It is indicated that under varying microstructure depths, wall movement velocities, inlet distances, and collaborative arrangements of microstructure arrays, the two types of microstructures exhibit similar pressure distributions. However, in terms of velocity streamlines, the semi-elliptical microstructure demonstrates smoother flow patterns, whereas the rectangular microstructure tends to induce flow separation at its sharp corners. In terms of load-bearing capacity, the semi-elliptical microstructure consistently outperforms the rectangular structure. The optimal bearing capacity is achieved at a depth of 0.30 mm, a wall movement velocity of 6 m/s, an inlet distance of 0.06 mm, and a spacing of 0.30 mm. Regarding frictional performance, the behavior of the two microstructures varies depending on dimensions and operating conditions. When the depth exceeds 0.25 mm and the wall velocity is below 4 m/s, the semi-elliptical structure exhibits superior friction characteristics. Conversely, when the depth is less than 0.25 mm and the velocity exceeds 4 m/s, the rectangular microstructure demonstrates a lower friction coefficient. Under varying inlet distances, the rectangular microstructure maintains relatively better performance, while under collaborative array conditions, the semi-elliptical microstructure exhibits more significant friction-reducing effects. The lubrication characteristics of the microscopic interface in the piston pair are collectively affected by the micro-hydrodynamic effect, the wall velocity-dominated micro-inertia effect, the inlet entrainment effect induced by varying inlet distances, and the synergistic effect of microstructure arrays. Compared with rectangular microstructures, semi-elliptical microstructures demonstrate superior overall lubrication performance. The findings of this work can provide a theoretical foundation for the design of biomimetic microstructures in aviation piston pairs and the optimization of their interfacial lubrication properties.
关键词
航空柱塞泵 /
柱塞副 /
仿生微结构 /
虎斑蛤 /
表面形貌 /
润滑机理
Key words
aviation plunger pump /
plunger pair /
bionic microstructure /
tiger-spotted clam /
surface morphology /
lubrication mechanism
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52075233）; 甘肃省青年科技基金项目（23JRRA748）
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