目的 探究氮化硅陶瓷摩擦副在不同润滑介质中的摩擦学性能。方法 利用高速环/块试验台开展了Si3N4自配副的摩擦磨损试验,基于多种表征手段对磨损表面进行分析,研究了不同润滑介质对Si3N4自配副摩擦学行为的影响。结果 1% 浓度H2O2润滑时的磨合期最短（仅170 s）,去离子水润滑时稳定摩擦系数最低（0.012）,其余介质润滑下的摩擦系数由低至高分别为1%浓度H2O2（0.019）、50 %浓度海水（0.027）、100%浓度海水（0.030）。在NaCl及KCl溶液作为润滑介质时摩擦副稳定阶段的摩擦系数上升,而MgCl2溶液介质中磨合期相对NaCl介质缩短,CaCl2与NaHCO3介质中稳定阶段的摩擦系数下降。结论 Si3N4自配副在水润滑条件下由于抛光作用形成的光滑平面以及摩擦化学反应生成的自润滑SiO2胶体使其摩擦系数下降。1%浓度H2O2中磨合期的缩短归因于其强氧化作用使Si3N4表面的反应活性提高,加快了具有减摩功能的自润滑泥SiO2胶体的生成速度。海水润滑时可在摩擦过程中生成Mg(OH)2和CaCO3,两种化合物的“叠加效应”具有缩短磨合时间、填充表面凹坑的功能,并且作为边界润滑膜降低摩擦。Na+和K+的存在增加了环/块磨合时间及摩擦系数,两种离子会与原本不溶于水的Si(OH)4反应生成易溶于水的Na2SiO3与K2SiO3,从而降低了泥状Si(OH)4的自润滑效果。相对于去离子水中SiO2的溶胶状态,海水中由于表面SiO2的凝聚以及盐离子的存在导致界面中剪切强度及润滑剂的黏度上升而引起摩擦系数上升。
Abstract
Silicon nitride ceramics exhibit high chemical stability, making them suitable as friction pairs in seawater environments to mitigate issues such as corrosion and wear. To investigate the tribological performance of silicon nitride ceramic friction pairs under different lubricating media, friction and wear experiments are conducted on Si3N4 self-mated pairs using a high-speed ring-block test rig. The worn surfaces are analyzed with multiple characterization techniques to study the effects of different lubricating media on the tribological behavior of Si3N4 self-mated pairs. This study aims to elucidate the lubrication mechanisms by comparing the tribological behavior of Si3N4 self-mated pairs under various lubricating media and to explore the influence of different seawater constituents on the lubrication mechanisms by formulating multiple lubricating media with varying seawater components. The results show that, during the high-friction stage, the running-in period is the shortest (only 170 s) under lubrication with 1% H2O2. The lowest stable friction coefficient (0.012) is achieved with deionized water. For the remaining lubricants, the stable friction coefficients increase in the following order: 1% H2O2 (0.019), 50% seawater (0.027), and 100% seawater (0.030). During the low-friction stage, the lowest stable friction coefficient (0.012) is achieved in deionized water, followed by 1% H2O2 and 50% seawater, with the highest friction coefficient (0.030) observed in 100% seawater. Comparing the tribological performance between 100% and 50% seawater reveals that the composition and concentration of compounds in seawater significantly affect the lubrication performance of the friction pair. Therefore, experiments are conducted by adding different seawater constituents to deionized water to formulate various lubricating media, aiming to reveal the impact of different compounds on the lubrication mechanisms of Si3N4 self-mated pairs. The results indicate that the friction coefficient during the stable phase increases when NaCl and KCl solutions are used as lubricants, while the running-in period is shortened in MgCl2 solution compared with NaCl solution. Additionally, the friction coefficient during the stable phase decreases in media containing CaCl2 and NaHCO3. Surface characterization tests under different media reveal that, under water-lubricated conditions, the smooth surface formed by polishing and the self-lubricating SiO2 colloid generated through tribochemical reactions contribute to the reduction in the friction coefficient of Si3N4 self-mated pairs. The shortened running-in period in 1% H2O2 is attributed to its strong oxidizing effect, which enhances the surface reactivity of Si3N4, accelerating the formation of the friction-reducing "self-lubricating mud" SiO2. During seawater lubrication, MgCl2, CaCl2, and NaHCO3 generate Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3 during the friction process, and their "superposition effect" shortens the running-in time and filled surface pits, and acts as a boundary lubricating film to reduce friction. However, the presence of Na+ and K+ increases the running-in time and friction coefficient, as these ions react with the originally water-insoluble Si(OH)4 to form water-soluble Na2SiO3 and K2SiO3, thereby reducing the self-lubricating effect of the mud-like Si(OH)4. Compared with the sol state of SiO2 in deionized water, the aggregation of surface SiO2 and the presence of salt ions in seawater increase the viscosity and shear strength of the lubricant at the interface, leading to an elevated friction coefficient. This work provides a reference for studying the tribological performance of Si3N4 ceramics used in marine engineering equipment in seawater.
关键词
氮化硅陶瓷 /
环/块摩擦副 /
摩擦化学反应 /
自润滑 /
磨合期 /
摩擦系数
Key words
silicon nitride ceramics /
ring-block friction pair /
tribochemical reaction /
self-lubricating /
running-in period /
coefficient of friction
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52375190,52342503,52005278）; 山东省高等学校“青创科技支持计划”（2021KJ077）; 山东省自然科学基金（ZR2021ME198,ZR2022ME081）; 山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目（2023TSGC0612）
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