F-DLC涂层润湿性对面接触油膜润滑影响的实验研究

于永安; 付永强; 郭峰; 王加荣

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.11.017

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11) : 196-209. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.11.017

摩擦磨损与润滑

F-DLC涂层润湿性对面接触油膜润滑影响的实验研究

于永安¹, 付永强^{1, *}, 郭峰^1,*, 王加荣²

作者信息 +

Effect of the Wettability of F-DLC Coatings on Oil Film Lubrication under Surface Contact

YU Yongan¹, FU Yongqiang^1,*, GUO Feng^1,*, WANG Jiarong²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的优化固/液界面的表征参数以准确描述其对油膜润滑的影响。方法本研究基于钢（Steel）滑块-二氧化硅（SiO₂）玻璃盘面接触润滑油膜测量系统,探究全膜润滑状态下固/液界面润湿性对润滑油膜厚度与摩擦力的影响机制。使用MS-0808高密度等离子体应用平台,通过调控四氟化碳（CF₄）气体单位体积流量,制备了4种不同润湿性的氟化类金刚石涂层（F-DLC）滑块表面。结合原始滑块形成5种润湿性差异的固体表面,测量不同速度下基础油与相应甘油水溶液对这些表面的膜厚与摩擦力。也测量了5种表面的表面能、润滑剂在这些表面上的接触角和接触角滞后,并计算了相应的黏附功、势能垒和铺展系数。结果 F-DLC涂层表面能要低于原始表面,特别是其极性分量部分降幅明显。油膜润滑试验中,当润滑油为甘油水溶液时,在SiO₂/F-DLC界面产生的油膜厚度和摩擦力明显低于SiO₂/Steel界面;但当润滑油为PAO时,油膜厚度和摩擦力区别并不明显,该现象可以归因于固体表面能（极性分量）差异以及润滑油极性强弱导致的界面处滑移程度的不同,此时铺展系数对固/液界面润湿差异与实验膜厚和摩擦力的关联性要优于其余表征参数。结论在面接触流体动压润滑条件下,固/液界面的润湿性明显影响油膜厚度与摩擦力,低润湿性的界面往往会生成更薄的润滑油膜,同时伴随更小的摩擦力。界面表征参数接触角、接触角滞后和势能垒对于大多数试验结果呈现一定的关联性,但铺展系数拥有近乎理想的皮尔逊相关系数（r=0.99）,表明其能更有效地表征固/液界面润湿性对流体动压润滑行为的影响。

Abstract

The work aims to systematically investigate the effect of interfacial wettability on lubricant film thickness and friction force under hydrodynamic lubrication conditions, with the goal of optimizing characterization parameters for solid-liquid interfaces. The innovative contribution of this work lies in the use of an MS-0808 high-density plasma application platform to achieve precise control of surface wettability via fluorine-doped diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) coatings, along with a comprehensive evaluation of multiple interfacial characterization parameters to identify the most effective one for characterizing lubrication behavior. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of surface morphology and roughness revealed nanoscale variations (Ra: 3.37-9.92 nm) across all surfaces, though these differences had no significant impact on wettability or lubrication performance. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the diamond-like structure of the coatings and indicated that as the CF₄ gas flow rate increased, the sp²/sp³ ratio of the coatings rose, suggesting an increase in graphitic structure with higher fluorine content. With the slider-on-disc lubricant film measurement system, the film thickness and friction force generated by base PAO and glycerol aqueous solution were measured on these five surfaces. All measurements were performed in a controlled environment (temperature (20±2) ℃, relative humidity (55±5)%) with sliding speeds ranging from 1.99 to 79.24 mm/s. The selected lubricants with matched viscosities included polyalphaolefin (PAO10 and PAO20) and glycerol aqueous solutions (86%GS and 94%GS). For each solid-liquid combination, the contact angle (θ_CA), contact angle hysteresis (θ_CAH), surface energy, and derived parameters including adhesion work (W_A), energy barrier (E), and spreading coefficient (η_SP) were also determined. The results showed that the F-DLC coatings significantly reduced surface energy, particularly the polar component. Under lubrication with glycerol aqueous solution, both film thickness and friction force decreased continuously with the increasing fluorine content, in the following order: film thickness: steel > 10F-DLC > 20F-DLC > 30F-DLC > 40F-DLC and friction force: steel > 10F-DLC > 20F-DLC > 30F-DLC > 40F-DLC. In contrast, the differences in film thickness and friction force for PAO oil across the various surfaces were negligible. The spreading coefficient (η_SP) exhibited an almost perfect correlation with friction force (Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.99), significantly outperforming other wettability parameters such as contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, adhesion work, and energy barrier in predicting interfacial slip behavior. The polar component of surface energy also showed a strong positive correlation with friction force (r=0.97), confirming its dominant role in interfacial slip behavior. This work demonstrates that solid-liquid interfacial wettability has a significant effect on hydrodynamic lubrication performance. F-DLC coatings with low surface energy, especially low polar components, promote interfacial slip, resulting in thinner oil films and reduced friction. Among various wettability characterization parameters, the spreading coefficient proves to be the most effective parameter for characterizing interfacial effects under full-film lubrication conditions. These findings provide new insights into the design of low-friction interfaces through surface energy modulation and highlight the importance of polar interactions in solid-liquid lubrication mechanisms. Highly polar surfaces suppress slip and increase friction, whereas low-polar surfaces facilitate slip relative to the former, thereby improving friction performance.

导出引用

于永安, 付永强, 郭峰, 王加荣. F-DLC涂层润湿性对面接触油膜润滑影响的实验研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(11): 196-209

YU Yongan, FU Yongqiang, GUO Feng, WANG Jiarong. Effect of the Wettability of F-DLC Coatings on Oil Film Lubrication under Surface Contact[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(11): 196-209

中图分类号： TH117.2

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