目的 探究Co含量对Fe-Cr-Si合金组织形貌以及摩擦磨损性能的影响规律,改善Fe-Cr-Si合金在室温环境下的耐磨性能。方法 利用电弧熔炼工艺制备Fe18Cr10SixCo、Fe18Cr10Si4CxCo（x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4）2种不同Co含量的Fe-Cr-Si合金,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验,分别测试合金的显微组织、显微硬度和耐磨性能。结果 Fe18Cr10SixCo合金均由单相（Fe, Cr）固溶体构成,随Co含量的增加,合金硬度逐渐小幅度上升,摩擦系数和擦损率逐渐增大,Fe18Cr10Si1Co合金的耐磨性最好,其磨损率和摩擦系数分别为1.55×10-4 g/m、0.495 3。磨损机制由氧化磨损、黏着磨损和磨粒磨损转变为严重的剥落磨损和磨粒磨损,耐磨性逐渐下降。Fe18Cr10Si4CxCo合金均由树枝晶（Fe, Cr）固溶体和枝晶间富Cr碳化物（Cr7C3、Cr3C2）组成,随着Co含量的增加,枝晶间碳化物逐渐形成,合金硬度逐渐提高,摩擦系数和磨损率逐渐减小,Fe18Cr10Si4C4Co合金的耐磨性最好,其磨损率和摩擦系数分别为1.34×10-4 g/m、0.505 1。磨损机制中氧化磨损程度不断加深,黏着磨损和磨粒磨损相对减弱。结论 添加Co有利于促进Fe18Cr10Si4CxCo合金碳化物的生成,C、Co协同了其硬度和耐磨性。
Abstract
With the continuous advancement of modern technology, the application domains of mechanical equipment are expanding progressively, and their operational environments are becoming increasingly complex. This has led to the failure of metallic components due to high loads and severe wear, necessitating the development of new wear-resistant alloy materials with excellent comprehensive properties. Fe-Cr-Si-based alloys have emerged as promising candidates for various harsh working conditions due to their outstanding wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability. However, the thermodynamic incompatibility between the D03 and A2 phases in the Fe-Cr-Si system results in relatively poor room-temperature wear resistance, limiting their practical applications. The addition of Co not only improves the microstructural stability and strength of the alloys but also increases the activity of carbon, thereby enhancing the nucleation driving force for carbides, accelerating their nucleation rate, and promoting carbide formation. This process refines the grain structure and enhances the hardness of the material. Against this backdrop, the work aims to investigate the effect of Co content on the microstructure, morphological characteristics, and tribological properties of Fe-Cr-Si alloys to improve their wear resistance under ambient conditions. Two series of FeCrSi-based alloys with varying Co contents, Fe18Cr10SixCo and Fe18Cr10Si4CxCo (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were prepared with an arc melting technique. The microstructures, microhardness, and wear performances of these alloys were systematically characterized through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness testing, and friction-wear experiments. The results showed that the Fe18Cr10SixCo alloys exhibited a single-phase (Fe, Cr) solid solution structure. As the Co content increased, the microhardness of the alloys gradually increased, reaching a maximum of 349HV0.5 in the Fe18Cr10Si4Co alloy. However, both the friction coefficient and wear rate showed an upward trend with higher Co additions. The Fe18Cr10Si1Co alloy demonstrated the best wear resistance in this series, with a wear rate of 1.55× 10-4 g/m and a friction coefficient of 0.495 3. The dominant wear mechanisms transitioned from a combination of oxidative, adhesive, and abrasive wear to severe spalling wear and abrasive wear as the Co content increased, leading to a gradual decline in wear resistance. In contrast, the Fe18Cr10Si4CxCo alloys consisted of dendritic (Fe, Cr) solid solutions and interdendritic Cr-rich carbides (Cr7C3 and Cr3C2). With the increasing Co content, the formation of interdendritic carbides was promoted, resulting in a continuous increase in alloy hardness, peaking at 479HV0.5 for the Fe18Cr10Si4C4Co alloy. Concurrently, both the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased, with the Fe18Cr10Si4C4Co alloy exhibiting the best wear resistance (wear rate: 1.34×10-4 g/m; friction coefficient: 0.505 1). The wear mechanism in this series saw a deepening of oxidative wear, while adhesive and abrasive wear effects were relatively reduced. In conclusion, the addition of Co effectively promotes the formation of carbides in Fe18Cr10Si4CxCo alloys. Both the hardness and wear resistance of these alloys increase gradually with higher Co content, highlighting the crucial role of Co in optimizing the microstructure and tribological properties of Fe-Cr-Si-based materials for ambient applications. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and development of high-performance wear-resistant alloys in various industrial fields.
关键词
Fe-Cr-Si合金 /
Co含量 /
富Cr碳化物 /
显微硬度 /
耐磨性能 /
磨损机制
Key words
Fe-Cr-Si alloys /
Co content /
Cr-rich carbides /
microhardness /
wear resistance /
wear mechanism
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基金
河北省自然科学基金资助（E2024209149）; 河北省属高校基本科研业务费研究项目（JJC2024025）; 河北省省级科技计划资助项目（246Z1019G）; 唐山市科技计划项目（24130208C）; 华北理工大学研究生创新项目（2026B12）
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