目的 超高强钢材料（AF410）具备优异的强度和耐磨耐蚀性能,从而被广泛应用于先进装备运动构件,然而,随着装备性能不断提升以及服役工况的苛刻性不断增加,对超高强钢构件表面的抗摩擦磨损性能提出了更高的要求,传统表面工艺方法目前无法满足技术需求,如何有效提升超高强钢表面减摩耐磨性能成为研究重点。方法 针对AF1410超高强钢,采用超快激光工艺在其表面完成了3种不同织构造型的设计与制备,对带织构材料表面的抗摩擦磨损性能进行研究,并对其磨损机理进行分析。结果 在干摩擦磨损条件下,带有沟槽织构、位错沟槽织构以及位错式正六边形织构的试样表面质量磨损率分别为无织构基体材料试样表面质量磨损率的82.7%、42.8%以及20.1%。带织构造型的表面磨损机理主要以犁沟切削、磨粒磨损为主,并存在少量黏着磨损,表面犁痕越浅越平整,抗摩擦磨损性能越优;而无织构的基体表面塑性切削严重,犁痕深,伴有磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。无论无织构基体表面还是带织构造型表面,均未发生氧化磨损。结论 与无织构造型的基体材料相比较,本研究中的3组织构造型对超高强钢材料表面的抗滑动摩擦磨损性能皆有提升,其中正六边形织构造型的提升作用尤其显著。
Abstract
It is an advanced method to use the ultrafast laser for surface texturing to enhance the hydrophobicity and wear resistance of material surface. However, for ultra-high strength steel materials, there is currently no research on using ultrafast laser texturing to improve the friction and wear resistance. Ultra-high strength steel materials have excellent strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and are widely used in moving components of advanced equipment. However, with the continuous improvement of equipment performance and the increasing severity of service conditions, higher requirements have been put forward for the friction and wear resistance of the surface of ultra-high strength steel components. Traditional surface processing methods are currently unable to meet technical needs, and how to effectively improve the wear resistance and reduce the friction performance of ultra-high strength steel surfaces has become a research focus.
The work aims to study the optimal design and preparation of different three texture shapes on the surface of ultra-high strength steel (AF1410) with ultrafast laser technology. The design dimensions of the groove texture (1# specimen) are groove width of 200 µm, depth of 50 µm, and distance between adjacent groove centers of 100 µm. The actual processed dimensions are groove width of (200±3) µm, depth of (50±3) µm, and distance between adjacent groove centers of (100±3) µm, and the surface texture density is about 66.7%. Design morphology and dimensions of dislocation groove texture (2# specimen) are groove width of 200 µm, depth of 50 µm, center to center spacing between adjacent grooves of 100 µm, upper and lower row spacing of 190 µm, and single groove length of 1 600 µm. Actual processed dimensions are groove width of (200±3) µm, depth of (50±3) µm, center to center spacing between adjacent grooves of (100±3) µm, upper and lower row spacing of (190±3) µm, and single groove length of (1 600±10) µm. The two rows of grooves are not linearly aligned, but staggered to form an overall dislocation structure, with a surface texture density of about 59.6%. The design morphology and dimensions of the dislocation type regular hexagonal texture (3# specimen) are: the side length of the regular hexagonal is 800 µm, the depth is 50 µm, the distance between adjacent left and right sides is 700 µm, and the distance between upper and lower rows is 800 µm. The actual processed dimension is (800±5) µm, the depth is (50±4) µm, the distance between left and right sides is (700±5) µm, and the distance between upper and lower rows is (800±5) µm. The two rows of regular hexagonal textures are arranged in a staggered manner to form a dislocation type regular hexagonal texture structure, and the surface density of the texture is about 27.5%. The processing accuracy meets the technical requirements.
The friction and wear resistance of the textured surface is studied, and its wear mechanism is analyzed. The research results show that under dry friction and wear conditions, the surface mass wear rates of specimens with groove texture, dislocation groove texture, and dislocation type hexagonal texture are 82.7%, 42.8%, and 20.1% of the surface mass wear rates of specimens without texture matrix material, respectively. The surface wear mechanism with textured shapes is mainly dominated by plastic cutting and abrasive wear, with a small amount of adhesive wear. The shallower the surface plow marks, the smoother the surface, and the better the friction and wear resistance. The surface of the matrix without texture shaping has severe plastic cutting, deep plowing marks, accompanied by abrasive wear and adhesive wear. No oxidation wear occurs on the surface of the non-textured matrix or the surface with textured shapes.
Therefore, compared with the matrix material without texture modeling, the three types of textures in this work have improved the sliding friction and wear resistance of the surface of ultra-high strength steel materials, among which the enhancement effect of the regular hexagonal texture modeling is particularly significant.
关键词
织构造型 /
超高强钢 /
AF1410 /
摩擦磨损性能：磨损机理
Key words
texture /
ultra-high strength steel /
AF1410 /
friction and wear resistance /
wear mechanism
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