目的 针对65Mn钢犁面在砂质/黏土耕作中因磨粒磨损、土壤黏附导致的快速磨损失效问题,通过Ti/Mo掺杂、喷丸强化和仿生织构三重协同改性,提升其在水土溶液润滑下的摩擦学性能,延长其服役寿命。方法 采用真空熔炼炉熔铸未掺杂Ti/Mo和（0.1% Ti+0.2% Mo,质量分数）掺杂的65Mn钢铸锭,通过正火、淬火和回火热处理优化基体组织与性能。采用0.35 MPa的超声喷丸,以300%覆盖率强化构建硬化层。基于穿山甲鳞片的正弦结构,采用精度为0.1 μm的光纤维激光打标机加工织构率为37%仿生织构。利用HSR-2M摩擦磨损试验机,完成各试样在法向载荷20 N和50 N,水土溶液润滑下的摩擦学性能实验。通过XRD、金相组织观察、表面粗糙度和硬度测试表征相组成和性能,通过SEM分析磨损机制。结果 Ti/Mo掺杂促进晶粒细化,形成TiC析出相产生钉扎效应,使硬度从未掺杂试样的414.7HV提升496.9HV;喷丸强化使掺杂试样的表面粗糙度Ra从0.027 μm升至0.173 μm,硬度从496.9HV升至579.7HV;单一的掺杂、喷丸和仿生织构改性都不同程度地增强了65Mn钢犁面的摩擦学性能;掺杂、喷丸和仿生织构多改性层在2种载荷下的摩擦因数和磨损率分别低至0.104、0.112和0.91×10-5 mm3/(N·m)、1.24×10-5 mm3/(N·m),比原试样的降幅分别高达28.7%、25.3%和84.8%、85.9%。结论 Ti/Mo掺杂通过细晶强化、析出强化提升基体性能,喷丸硬化层抑制摩擦磨损,仿生织构优化界面润滑状态。“强基体-硬表层-减摩界面”的三重协同改性体系,为农机触土部件延寿设计提供了新方案。
Abstract
To address the problem of rapid wear failure of 65Mn steel plow surfaces caused by abrasive wear and soil adhesion during sandy/clayey tillage, the work aims to improve their tribological properties under water-soil solution lubrication and extend their service life through triple synergistic modification involving Ti/Mo doping, shot peening strengthening, and bionic texturing. 65Mn steel ingots without Ti/Mo doping and with (0.1wt.% Ti + 0.2wt.% Mo) doping were cast with a vacuum melting furnace. Combined with the key phase transformation temperatures calculated by JMatPro software, Ac1= 728.4 ℃, Ac3 = 768.7 ℃, and Ms = 265.5 ℃, heat treatments including normalizing (830 ℃×60 min), quenching (800 ℃×10 min, oil quenching), and tempering (265 ℃×120 min) were carried out to optimize the matrix structure and properties. A hardened layer was constructed by ultrasonic shot peening equipment (power 1.6 kW, frequency 20 kHz, using GCr15 steel balls with 63-65HRC and diameter 4 mm) under the conditions of dynamic pressure 0.35 MPa and coverage rate 300%. Based on the sinusoidal structure of pangolin scales, bionic textures with a texture ratio of 37% were fabricated by a fiber laser marking machine with a precision of 0.1 μm, under the parameters of working voltage 220 V, output power 20 W, pulse duration 200 ns, frequency 25 kHz, scanning speed 400 mm/s, and 4 repetitions. Room-temperature tribological property experiments of ball-on-disc reciprocating linear motion under water-soil solution lubrication were conducted on each sample with an HSR-2M friction and wear tester, at normal loads of 20 N (shallow tillage) and 50 N (deep tillage). For the friction pair, Si3N4 ceramic balls of 1 600-1 700HV and diameter 4 mm were used, and the friction coefficient and relative wear rate in the experiments were counted. The phase composition and properties were characterized by XRD, metallographic structure observation, surface roughness and hardness tests, and the wear mechanism was analyzed by SEM. Ti/Mo doping promoted grain refinement and formed TiC precipitated phases, which produced a pinning effect, increasing the hardness from 414.7HV of the un-doped sample (OR, originals) to 496.9HV of the doped sample (OD, only doping). Moreover, doping reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate under the two loads by 6.2%, 6.7% and 41.6%, 38.7% respectively, indicating that the doped Ti/Mo could effectively enhance the tribological properties of the 65Mn steel plow surface. Shot peening strengthening increased the surface roughness Ra of OD from 0.027 μm to 0.173 μm and the hardness from 496.9HV to 579.7HV. The roughened surface caused the friction coefficients of the shot-peened sample (DP, doping and peening) to be 9.3% and 10.3% higher than those of OD under the two loads respectively, but the increased hardness led to the wear rates of DP being 33.9% and 49.8% lower than those of OD respectively, meaning that single shot peening strengthening, although roughening the surface, enhanced the wear resistance. The single texture on OD improved the lubrication characteristics of the friction surface, resulting in the friction coefficients and wear rates of the textured sample (DT, doping and texturing) being 8.6%, 7.1% and 25.6%, 40.9% lower than those of OD under the two loads respectively. However, the single texture could not improve the hardness of OD, and the texture edges were prone to collapse during friction, so the improvement of friction reduction and wear resistance was limited. The sample with multiple modified layers (DPT, doping, pending and texturing) by doping, shot peening and bionic texturing had friction coefficients as low as 0.104, 0.112 and wear rates as low as 0.91×10-5 mm3/(N·m), 1.24×10-5 mm3/(N·m) under the two loads. Compared with OR, the decreases were as high as 28.7%, 25.3% and 84.8%, 85.9% respectively. Compared with OD, the decreases were as high as 24.1%, 20.0 % and 74.1%, 77.0% respectively. Multiple composite modifications could significantly improve the tribological characteristics of the 65Mn steel plow surface. Ti/Mo doping enhances the matrix properties through grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening, the shot-peened hardened layer inhibits friction and wear and the bionic texture optimizes the interface lubrication state. The triple synergistic modification system of "strong matrix-hard surface layer-friction-reducing interface" provides a new scheme for the service life extension design of soil-contacting components in agricultural machinery.
关键词
65Mn钢 /
Ti/Mo掺杂 /
犁面 /
喷丸强化 /
仿生织构 /
摩擦学特性
Key words
65Mn steel /
Ti/Mo doping /
plow surface /
shot peening strengthening /
bionic texture /
tribological properties
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基金
云南省农业基础研究联合专项重点项目（202301BD070001-012）
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