基于激光-化学复合处理的金属与非金属材料超疏水表面功能化工艺及防/除冰性能研究

孙岳佳; 邵竞技; 付佳俊; 宋昕蓉; 王青华

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.10.016

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10) : 192-207. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.10.016

功能表面及技术

基于激光-化学复合处理的金属与非金属材料超疏水表面功能化工艺及防/除冰性能研究

孙岳佳, 邵竞技, 付佳俊, 宋昕蓉, 王青华^*

作者信息 +

Surface Functionalization for Multi-material Superhydrophobic Surface Based on Laser-Chemical Composite Treatment and Investigation of Anti-icing/De-icing Properties

SUN Yuejia, SHAO Jingji, FU Jiajun, SONG Xinrong, WANG Qinghua^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的材料表面的防/除冰性能提升是航空航天、电力等领域所面临的关键挑战。因此,对材料表面进一步加工以获得良好的防、除冰性能已成为材料工程的一个重要研究领域。激光加工具有高效率、高精度、强可控性的优点,在表面功能化技术方面很有前景;而结合被动防冰和主动除冰的超疏水表面能有效抑制冰的成核,提高融冰效率。因此,采用激光加工技术制备的超疏水表面,在防/除冰应用领域表现出显著的应用潜力。方法分别对以铝合金和氧化锆陶瓷为代表的金属与非金属材料进行激光-化学复合处理制备超疏水表面,同时展开防/除冰性能的相关研究。结果首先通过激光-化学复合方法制备具有超疏水特性的表面并对材料表面的微观形貌与化学特性进行表征。通过参数优化,得到制备表面的最佳工艺参数,使表面接触角基本稳定在150°。然后对所制备的超疏水表面开展防/除冰性能测试,研究结果表明-10 ℃下最佳延迟结冰时间达到37 min,并进一步探究了低温界面温度变化趋势并与未处理的表面进行对比分析。最后在经典成核理论模型的支持下对超疏水表面防/除冰性能机理进行分析,探究了低温下液滴与固体表面的接触模式、界面状态和润湿状态等,并对材料表面防/除冰性能的典型应用进行实验验证。结论通过激光-化学复合处理工艺实现了金属与非金属材料表面的超疏水改性并阐明其防/除冰机理,验证了该工艺的有效性,有望为金属及非金属材料的防/除冰应用提供有益的参考和启示。

Abstract

Enhancement of anti-icing/de-icing performance on material surfaces poses critical challenges in fields of aerospace and electric power. Thus, further processing of material surfaces to achieve excellent anti-icing/de-icing properties has become an important research area for materials engineering. Laser processing exhibits high efficiency, high precision and strong controllability. Superhydrophobic surfaces that integrate passive anti-icing and active de-icing capabilities can effectively inhibit ice nucleation and enhance ice-melting efficiency. Hence, the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces via laser processing demonstrates broad application prospects in the anti-icing/de-icing fields. At present, many research works have been carried out on the laser-based surface modification processes for various materials, which could help to achieve superhydrophobic and anti-icing/de-icing properties. However, these research works lack generality in the selection of lasers and post-treatment methods, which makes the selection and optimization of processes more difficult. In addition, these works have shown that the excellent properties of surfaces can only be achieved on single-material. Therefore, it is significant to further expand the application of laser processing for prepared multi-material superhydrophobic surfaces in the anti-icing/de-icing field and clarify the mechanism. In this work, laser-chemical composite treatment was employed to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces on representative metallic material (aluminum alloy) and non-metallic material (zirconia ceramics) as research objects. Simultaneously, their anti-icing and de-icing performance were investigated. Firstly, superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared via a combined laser-chemical composite treatment method, and the surface microstructure and chemical composition were characterized. Nanosecond laser processing technology was employed to fabricate periodic regular hexagonal textures on the surfaces of aluminum alloy and zirconia. Then, when chemical heat treatment was adopted for low surface energy modification, a superhydrophobic surface with multi-scale micro/nano structures was prepared. The minimum contact angle of aluminum alloy and zirconia surfaces for water reached 158.1° and 151.1° respectively, demonstrating excellent superhydrophobic properties. Subsequently, the effects of different combinations of laser processing parameters on surface morphology and surface wettability were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy, and the optimal process parameters for surface preparation were obtained through parameter optimization. The interaction between high-energy laser beams and materials caused the materials to evaporate, solidify and remelt. Due to its high thermal conductivity and high fluidity, aluminum alloy was more likely to form multi-scale micro/nano structures, with nano-sized particles evenly spread on the micro-sized bumps. Because of the lower thermal conductivity and fluidity, regular hexagonal textures tended to form on zirconia ceramic surfaces. The mechanism of surface chemistry transition during the post-treatment process was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). Heat treatment promoted the deposition of Si element from silicone oil on the surface to form a silicon film, and the non-polar carbon-containing hydrophobic groups from the solution and atmosphere also deposited on the surface. Thus, the material surfaces exhibited superhydrophobic properties based on the coupling of structure and chemical substances. Anti-icing/de-icing performance tests were carried out on the prepared superhydrophobic surfaces. The research results demonstrate that the optimal ice formation delay time of the functionalized aluminum alloy surface reaches 37 minutes at -10 ℃, which is 63 times that of the untreated surface, while the number of zirconia is 26 minutes and 70 times that of the untreated surface. This is because the heat conduction is weakened by the air layer retained on the superhydrophobic surface, and the near-spherical droplet morphology lengthens the heat transfer distance. Additionally, experiments also show that the prepared superhydrophobic surfaces facilitate de-icing by reducing the proportion of adhesive fracture during the process. To sum up, this research is expected to provide valuable references and insights for the application of anti-icing/de-icing technologies on both metallic and non-metallic materials.

导出引用

孙岳佳, 邵竞技, 付佳俊, 宋昕蓉, 王青华. 基于激光-化学复合处理的金属与非金属材料超疏水表面功能化工艺及防/除冰性能研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(10): 192-207

SUN Yuejia, SHAO Jingji, FU Jiajun, SONG Xinrong, WANG Qinghua. Surface Functionalization for Multi-material Superhydrophobic Surface Based on Laser-Chemical Composite Treatment and Investigation of Anti-icing/De-icing Properties[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(10): 192-207

中图分类号： TG178

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