目的 系统研究不同渗锌温度对结构钢粉末渗锌层微观结构、相组成及分布的影响规律,探究渗锌层生长动力学以改善结构钢渗锌效果。方法 选用氯化铵活化渗锌体系分别在340~400 ℃下进行粉末渗锌,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合能谱仪（EDS）与X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了不同温度下渗锌层的截面形貌、元素分布及相组成规律;利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）探究了渗锌过程中的能量变化,并构建了渗层生长机制模型;通过动电位极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱测试了不同渗层的耐蚀性和腐蚀行为。结果 渗锌层的厚度随渗锌温度升高、保温时间延长而增大。保温6 h条件下,当渗锌温度从340 ℃升至400 ℃时,渗层厚度由10.80 μm增至43.90 μm;此温度区间内,渗锌层物相均主要以δ相和Γ相为主,但温度越高时,渗层中Zn元素含量和δ相含量越高。温度升高,渗层耐蚀性会随之提升,但温度超过380 ℃后渗层耐蚀性的增幅较小;380~400 ℃下所得渗层的腐蚀电流密度均较低,为1.16×10-6~9.78×10-7 A/cm2。380 ℃条件下渗锌过程的扩散速率为2.34×10-13 m2/s;保温时间从2 h延长至10 h时,渗层厚度从12.10 μm增至81.60 μm,但保温时间超过6 h后,渗层中出现贯穿性裂纹。结论 综合考量渗层的微观结构、耐蚀性能及渗锌效率,以氯化铵活化渗锌体系,选择380 ℃保温6 h可获得较佳的渗锌效果。
Abstract
Power sherardizing can form a Zn-Fe protective layer on the surface of steel through atomic thermal diffusion. Temperature is a key parameter to regulate the sherardizing process. Systematically studying its influence on the microstructure, phase composition and distribution of the infiltration layer for structural steel is helpful to optimize the quality of the infiltration layer and improve the sherardizing effect. A mixture of 70wt.% zinc powder, 0.8wt.% NH4Cl, and 29.2wt.% α-Al2O3 power is selected as the infiltration agent system. Power sherardizing on the Q235 steel is carried out in this activated system at 340-400 ℃. The cross-sectional morphology, element distribution, and phase composition of the zinc infiltration layer at different temperature are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The energy changes during the zincizing process are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The growth kinetics of the zinc infiltration layer and a growth mechanism model of the infiltration layer is established. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of different infiltration layers are studied through potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Results show that the thickness of the zinc infiltration layer increases with the increase of sherardizing temperature and insulation time. Under 6 hours of insulation, the thickness of the zinc infiltration layer increases from 10.80 μm to 43.90 μm when the sherardizing temperature rises from 340 ℃ to 400 ℃. The phases of the infiltration layer obtained at different temperature are mainly composed of a δ phase and a Γ phase, and the Γ phase is mainly distributed near the matrix. The excessive Γ phase at low temperature can cause cracking at the interface between the matrix and the infiltration layer. As the temperature increases, the Zn/Fe ratio in the infiltration layer increases, the content of the δ phase is higher, the infiltration layer becomes denser, and the corrosion resistance will be improved accordingly. However, the increase extent in the corrosion resistance of the infiltration layer is relatively small after the temperature exceeds 380 ℃. The corrosion current densities of the infiltration layers obtained at 380~400 ℃ are all low, approximately 1.16×10-6-9.78×10-7 A/cm2.
The growth process of the zinc infiltration layer mainly includes three stages: the formation and diffusion of active zinc atoms, and the formation and growth of the infiltration layer. The active zinc atoms mainly originate from the decomposition of zinc chloride formed by the infiltration reaction. The formation and growth of the infiltration layer is a dynamic process in which atoms continue to diffuse and push inward. The diffusion coefficient of zinc element at 380 ℃ is 2.34×10-13 m2/s; the thickness of the infiltration layer increases from 12.10 μm to 81.60 μm when the insulation time is extended from 2 h to 10 h, but the penetrating cracks are present in the infiltration layer when the insulation time exceeds 6 hours. If the microstructure, corrosion resistance and sherardizing efficiency of the infiltration layer are comprehensively considered, a better sherardizing effect can be achieved in the ammonium chloride-activated system at 380 ℃ with a insulation time of 6 hours.
关键词
结构钢 /
粉末渗锌 /
渗锌温度 /
渗层组织 /
渗锌动力学
Key words
structural steel /
power sherardizing /
sherardizing temperature /
infiltration layer microstructure /
sherardizing kinetics
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