管道输送是CCUS中大规模CO2输运的核心环节,而超临界态管道输送又是CO2最为经济可行的输送方式。然而因其必然存在的多元杂质组分特性以及水相析出复杂性,使管道腐蚀问题难以有效经济防治,因此,开展精确的腐蚀预测对于管道安全输送意义重大。概述了超临界CO2输送管道腐蚀机制及其预测技术研究现状,重点剖析了综合机理预测全流程涉及的数值解析、支撑试验以及现场应用的现状和问题,并展望了预测各环节的攻关方向。目前,单一杂质因素及工况参数作用下的腐蚀机理及影响机制已基本厘清,但多元杂质腐蚀协同作用机制还不能有效解析。腐蚀预测综合机理模型是精准腐蚀预测的可行方向,但现有模型在腐蚀工况适用性、腐蚀形态匹配性以及影响因素全面性方面还存在局限,而且支撑腐蚀预测的试验方法也存在可靠性不足的问题,同时现场应用依然充满挑战。未来,在腐蚀机制方面,要继续深化杂质气体协同作用研究,同时借助理论分析来量化协同效应,建立杂质浓度与腐蚀速率之间的映射关系;在腐蚀预测模型方面,要加快构建水相析出量和分布模型、多元杂质水化学模型、多元杂质反应热力学和动力学模型、多产物膜竞争成型/生长热力学及动力学模型,推动涵盖多元含杂条件下物理化学过程及影响因素的综合机理预测模型研究;在试验技术方面,要强化低含水和多元杂质协同作用下腐蚀介质精确计量和补给手段的研究,完善试验方法;在现场应用方面,要充分理解模型参数的物理意义及适用边界、确定输入参数的合理性以及精确提取现场数据。
Abstract
Pipeline transport serves as a core of large-scale CO2 delivery in CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) projects, and supercritical pipeline transport is the most economical and feasible delivery method for CO2. However, due to the inherent characteristics of multicomponent impurities and complexity of aqueous phase precipitation, it remains difficult to prevent and control pipeline corrosion effectively and economically. Therefore, conducting accurate corrosion prediction in this regard is of great significance to safe transportation of pipelines. The work aims to provide a comprehensive review of research progress regarding corrosion mechanisms and prediction technologies for supercritical CO2 transport pipelines, which are integral to the entire process of comprehensive mechanistic models, with the focus on analyzing current status and existing problems of numerical analysis supporting experiments and field application. Furthermore, key research directions for addressing the challenges in each link of the prediction process are proposed, including aqueous phase precipitation process, water chemical reactions process, corrosion electrochemical reactions process and corrosion product films formation reaction process. At present, although supercritical pipeline corrosion exhibits distinct characteristics regarding the effects of water content, CO2 partial pressure, and flow rate, its corrosion reaction mechanism in the absence of impurity gases shows no significant difference from that of low-pressure CO2 corrosion. However, the scenario changes noticeably when impurity gases are introduced: water solubility, corrosion reaction mechanisms, and corrosion morphologies all undergo changes to varying degrees. Among these, the action mechanisms of individual impurity factors (such as H2O, H2S, O2, SO2, N2O, N2, H2 and CH4) have been basically clarified at present, but synergistic mechanism of mixed gases has not yet been fully understood, and a systematic and quantitative description is still lacking. In addition, regarding corrosion prediction, compared with traditional empirical models and semi-empirical models, comprehensive mechanistic models describe corrosion phenomena based on established physicochemical laws. These models offer more accurate predictions and stronger extensibility, and are thus regarded as a feasible future development direction for precise corrosion prediction of supercritical CO2. However, existing models still have limitations in terms of applicability to corrosion operating conditions, matching of corrosion morphologies, and comprehensiveness of affecting factors. Moreover, laboratory experiments supporting corrosion prediction also face insufficient reliability problems. Meanwhile, field applications of corrosion prediction models still face many challenges, among which unreasonable use of models and the difficulty in accurately extracting field data are particularly prominent. In the future, regarding corrosion mechanisms, it is necessary to advance the investigation into synergistic mechanisms of impurity gases, quantify synergistic effects through theoretical analysis, and establish the matching relationship between impurity concentration and corrosion rate. In terms of corrosion prediction models, efforts should be made to accelerate construction quantification and distribution models for aqueous phase precipitation, aqueous chemistry models for multicomponent impurities, thermodynamics and kinetics models for multicomponent impurity reactions, and thermodynamics and kinetics models for competitive formation and growth of multi-product films. Meanwhile, the research on comprehensive mechanism models that integrate physicochemical processes and affecting factors under multicomponent impurity conditions should be promoted. In the aspect of experimental technology, it is essential to strengthen research on methods for accurate measurement and replenishment of corrosive media under conditions of low water content and synergistic effects of multicomponent impurities, and improve experimental methods. For field applications, it is crucial to fully understand physical implications and applicability limits of model parameters, validate the rationality of input data, and accurately extract field data.
关键词
超临界CO2 /
输送管道 /
腐蚀预测 /
综合机理模型 /
多元杂质 /
水相析出 /
试验方法 /
现场应用
Key words
supercritical CO2 /
transport pipeline /
corrosion prediction /
comprehensive mechanistic models /
multicomponent impurities /
aqueous phase precipitation /
test methods /
field application
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFF0614100）; 中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目（2025DJ106）
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