表面改性对医用钛合金疲劳性能影响的研究进展

陈嘉颖; 李顺才; 丁尧

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.09.010

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9) : 113-136. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.09.010

表界面强化技术

表面改性对医用钛合金疲劳性能影响的研究进展

陈嘉颖^1a,2, 李顺才^2,*, 丁尧^1b

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Effects of Surface Modification on Fatigue Performance of Medical Titanium Alloys

CHEN Jiaying^1a,2, LI Shuncai^2,*, DING Yao^1b

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

医用钛合金凭借优异的生物相容性与力学性能,广泛应用于骨科、牙科植入领域,但生理腐蚀与长期交变载荷的耦合作用易引发其疲劳失效,且表面改性常面临力学性能与生物学活性难以兼顾的难题。现有相关综述多聚焦钛合金的摩擦磨损、耐腐蚀性能,针对疲劳性能的综述数量少且内容零散。本文回顾了机械、物理、化学与电化学及复合表面改性技术对医用钛合金疲劳性能方面的研究进展,着重梳理了喷丸及其衍生的湿喷丸、超声喷丸等工艺对疲劳性能的调控机理,同时分析了改性层对生物相容性、抗菌性及骨整合能力的影响,弥补了现有综述的不足。研究指出：喷丸、激光冲击强化等方法通过引入残余压应力延缓裂纹萌生,但需警惕表面粗糙度增加的负面效应;微弧氧化、氮化等化学方法虽能赋予材料良好的生物活性或耐磨性,但易因工艺参数不当生成脆性硬化层降低疲劳性能。相比之下,复合表面改性技术可结合多方法优势,在克服单一方法局限、实现疲劳性能与生物学特性协同提升方面前景广阔。未来研究应实现由标准试样向复杂构型植入物原型的测试转变,重点开展力-化学-磨损多场耦合环境下腐蚀疲劳与微动损伤机制的量化分析,并开发兼顾长效力学稳定性与生物活性的复合改性方案,助力提升医用钛合金植入体在复杂生理工况下的临床服役可靠性。

Abstract

Medical titanium alloys, particularly the ubiquitous Ti-6Al-4V and various low-modulus β-type alloys, have established themselves as the gold standard for load-bearing orthopedic and dental implants due to their exceptional biocompatibility, high specific strength, and superior corrosion resistance. Despite these intrinsic advantages, the long-term clinical reliability of titanium implants is frequently compromised by fatigue failure, a phenomenon responsible for a significant portion of late-stage clinical complications. In the complex physiological environment of the human body, these alloys are subject to multi-axial cyclic loading, high-cycle alternating stresses during locomotion, and fretting wear at modular interfaces. These mechanical factors do not act in isolation; but coupled with the corrosive nature of body fluids, where chloride ions, proteins, and pH fluctuations synergistically accelerate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Consequently, enhancing the fatigue resistance of titanium alloys through surface modification has emerged as a pivotal research frontier. However, a major bottleneck persists. Namely, surface treatments designed to improve bioactivity or wear resistance often inadvertently degrade the fatigue life of the substrate, creating a paradoxical challenge in balancing mechanical durability with biological functionality.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress in surface modification techniques specifically tailored to regulate the fatigue performance of medical titanium alloys. While existing literature predominantly focuses on the friction, wear, and corrosion resistance of these materials, reviews dedicated specifically to the nuances of their fatigue performance remain scarce and fragmented. This study fills that gap by critically analyzing the interplay between surface integrity, which is characterized by residual stress, surface roughness, and microstructural evolution, and the resulting biological responses, including osseointegration, antibacterial efficacy, and cytocompatibility. The modification strategies are categorized into mechanical, physical, chemical/electrochemical, and composite methods.
Mechanical surface modification techniques, such as Shot Peening (SP), Wet Shot Peening (WSP), Ultrasonic Shot Peening (USP), and Laser Shock Peening (LSP), are evaluated in depth. These methods primarily function by inducing a deep layer of Compressive Residual Stress (CRS) and generating gradient nanostructures in the subsurface. By reducing the effective stress intensity factor at the surface, these modifications significantly delay crack initiation and retard crack growth rates. However, the review highlights a critical trade-off: aggressive mechanical treatments can lead to excessive surface roughness and micro-scale defects, which serve as stress concentrators that may negate the benefits of the compressive stress field.
Furthermore, the review scrutinizes chemical and electrochemical methods, such as Nitriding and Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO). Although MAO is highly effective at producing porous, bioactive ceramic coatings that promote bone ingrowth and can be doped with antibacterial agents, it often leads to a substantial reduction in the fatigue limit. This degradation is attributed to the brittle nature of the thick oxide layers and the presence of discharge pores acting as crack precursors. Similarly, physical methods like Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) enhance surface hardness but face challenges regarding coating-substrate adhesion under long-term cyclic loading.
To address these limitations of single-step modifications, this paper emphasizes the emerging paradigm of Composite Surface Modification. By strategically combining mechanical pre-treatments with subsequent biochemical functionalization, it is possible to "reconstruct" the surface stress field. This synergistic approach allows for the retention of beneficial compressive stresses to inhibit fatigue while providing an optimized topography for biological fixation. The review concludes that future research should focus on the quantitative analysis of failure mechanisms under multi-field coupling (corrosion-fatigue) and the development of clinical-oriented composite modification protocols. Such advancements are essential for ensuring the ultra-long-term service reliability of next-generation medical titanium implants.

导出引用

陈嘉颖, 李顺才, 丁尧. 表面改性对医用钛合金疲劳性能影响的研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(9): 113-136

CHEN Jiaying, LI Shuncai, DING Yao. Research Progress on Effects of Surface Modification on Fatigue Performance of Medical Titanium Alloys[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(9): 113-136

中图分类号： TG178

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