基于表面织构的列车车轮轮缘润滑减摩/磨性能研究

朱鹏飞; 程家豪; 王文健; 丁昊昊; 张沭玥

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.05.013

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5) : 158-169. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.05.013

摩擦磨损与润滑

基于表面织构的列车车轮轮缘润滑减摩/磨性能研究

朱鹏飞, 程家豪, 王文健, 丁昊昊, 张沭玥^*

作者信息 +

Lubrication for Friction and Wear Reduction of Train Wheel Flange Based on Surface Texturing

ZHU Pengfei, CHENG Jiahao, WANG Wenjian, DING Haohao, ZHANG Shuyue^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的列车通过曲线时车轮轮缘与钢轨轨侧由于发生接触而发生滑动摩擦,需进行车轮轮缘的润滑减摩/磨以延长服役寿命。方法本文利用激光技术在盘表面制备出具有不同宽度、不同面积占有率的横沟槽织构,利用UMT Tribolab摩擦试验机开展滑动摩擦磨损实验,探究润滑脂作用下不同织构宽度和织构面积占有率对列车车轮轮缘润滑减摩/磨效果的影响,并优化最佳织构参数,探讨织构润滑的减摩/磨机理。结果相比于无织构的光滑表面,当横沟槽织构宽度在400~600 μm范围内时,能够到达减摩/磨的目的;当宽度为500 μm时减摩/磨效果最好,此时平均摩擦系数为0.07,盘磨损率为0.56 μg/m,与无织构相比分别降低22.2%和35.6%;当织构宽度恒定为500 μm时,面积占有率为50%时减摩/磨损效果最好,此时平均摩擦系数达0.06,磨损率为0.35 μg/m,分别降低33.3%和60%。表面形貌分析发现,对比无织构和横沟槽织构试样表面,无织构区域以磨粒磨损为主,且光滑表面磨损严重,织构不但能够存储磨屑避免加重表面磨损,且能存储润滑脂对摩擦表面进行“二次润滑”。结论在润滑脂条件下,合理设计横沟槽织构的参数能够在一定程度上减少列车车轮轮缘与轨侧之间的摩擦系数和磨损率,减轻表面磨损,具有润滑减摩/磨的双重效果。

Abstract

When the train passes through a curve, sliding friction occurs due to the contact between the wheel flange and the side of the rail. To extend the service life, the lubrication of the wheel flange is necessary for friction/wear reduction. At present, measures such as grease lubrication, tread profile design, and wheel flange reprofiling are commonly adopted to address wheel flange side wear. However, frequent reprofiling significantly shortens the service life of wheel sets. Additionally, wheel sets feature high costs, and both their replacement and reprofiling are time-consuming. Therefore, to solve the problem of severe wheel flange wear, it is essential to further improve the friction-reduction and wear-resistance performance between the wheel flange and rail side. This study aims to comprehensively elucidate the influence of various material texture widths and area occupancy rates on the friction-reduction and wear-resistance performance of train wheel flanges under grease lubrication. In this study, the transverse groove textures are precisely fabricated on wheel disk specimens via advanced laser processing technology, with texture widths varies from 300 μm to 700 μm and area occupancy rates from 12.5% to 70%. Subsequently, sliding friction and wear experiments are conducted on a UMT Tribolab tribometer, simulating field wheel-rail contact conditions. Then, effects of these texture parameters on the sliding friction coefficient and wear rate are investigated, enabling the identification of optimal configurations. Finally, the mechanism of the wheel friction-reduction and wear-resistance performance improvement caused by surface texture is proposed based on material microstructural analysis. Results indicate that compared with non-textured wheel disc, regardless of texture area occupancy rate, wheel discs with transverse groove textures of widths between 400 and 600 μm can reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate. Among them, textures with widths of 500 μm exhibit the most pronounced reduction in friction and wear. Specifically, the average friction coefficient decreases to 0.07, which is a 22.2% reduction relative to non-textured surfaces; while the disk wear rate drops to 0.56 μg/m, representing a 35.6% decrease to non-textured surfaces. Meanwhile, when the texture width is 500 μm, disc with the texture area occupancy rate of 50% performs the optimal friction reduction and wear resistance: compared with non-textured wheel disc, the friction coefficient further declines to 0.06 (33.3% reduction) and the wear rate to 0.35 μg/m (60% reduction). Also, from surface morphology analysis, it can be seen that severe abrasive wear is observed on the non-textured surfaces, characterized by deep grooves and material removal. While as for the discs with surface textures, wear debris would be trapped in the texture, preventing its recirculation and further surface damage; and the lubricating grease is also being stored in the texture, enabling continuous “secondary lubrication” of the contact interface. These two combined effects mitigate surface degradation and enhance tribological performance. In a word, under grease lubrication condition, rationally designed transverse groove textures effectively reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate between wheel flanges and rail sides. This lead to significant potential for improving the efficiency and longevity of railway systems. The findings provide both theoretical insights into textured-surface tribology and practical guidelines for optimizing wheel-rail lubrication strategies.

导出引用

朱鹏飞, 程家豪, 王文健, 丁昊昊, 张沭玥. 基于表面织构的列车车轮轮缘润滑减摩/磨性能研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(5): 158-169

ZHU Pengfei, CHENG Jiahao, WANG Wenjian, DING Haohao, ZHANG Shuyue. Lubrication for Friction and Wear Reduction of Train Wheel Flange Based on Surface Texturing[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(5): 158-169

中图分类号： TH117.1

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