目的 为改善65Mn钢犁面在犁耕初期因抗剪切能力不足,易发生磨粒磨损,引起早期失效的不足。方法 用激光加工技术在65Mn犁面上制备凹边菱形（A型）、凸边菱形（T型）和凹边-凸边菱形相间排列（A-T型）3类不同间距x、y的凸起微织构。在水土溶液润滑下进行摩擦学性能试验。采用DEM-CFD双向颗粒流固耦合的多相流数值模拟方法,构建仿真模型,以系统分析微织构的减摩抗磨机理。结果 近似菱形微织构均能有效改善65Mn钢犁面的减摩抗磨性能,其中Ⅱ类下A、T和A-T试样具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损率,3类间距下均是A试样的性能最优,A-T试样次之,T试样最差。数值模拟的剪切应力表明,Ⅱ类下的A、T和A-T试样具有最低的剪切应力;且在3类间距下,A试样的剪切应力最低,A-T试样的次之,T试样的最高。双向流固耦合模拟表明,各试样对颗粒的捕获能力及其颗粒质量变化曲线的稳定性均不同,Ⅱ类下的A、T和A-T试样对颗粒的捕获能力适中,颗粒质量变化曲线也最稳定,即Ⅱ类试样在颗粒捕获量与流场稳定性二者之间实现了较好的平衡。结论 65Mn钢犁面的近似菱形凸起微织构均能不同程度地提升其减摩抗磨性,数值模拟较好地解释了微织构提升其减摩抗磨性的原因。
Abstract
In order to address the issue of premature abrasive wear and failure on 65Mn steel plow surfaces during early stages of tillage, this study investigates the effectiveness of laser-fabricated diamond-shaped micro-textures in enhancing the tribological performance of the material. Due to insufficient shear resistance, the surface of 65Mn steel is susceptible to damage from the combined effects of soil adhesion, gravel impact, and particle detachment. Improving the wear resistance and friction reduction characteristics of the plow surface is essential to extending the service life of agricultural tools and ensuring consistent field performance. In this work, laser surface texturing (LST) is used to create three different types of diamond-like micro-textures on 65Mn steel substrates: Type A (concave-edged diamond), Type T (convex-edged diamond), and Type A-T (alternating concave and convex edges). Each of these texture types is fabricated with three spacing configurations defined as Spacing I (x = 0.35 mm, y = 0.25 mm), Spacing II (x = 0.30 mm, y = 0.20 mm), and Spacing III (x = 0.25 mm, y = 0.15 mm). The morphology of the textures and their protrusion heights are characterized by optical microscopy and scanning probe profilometry. Friction and wear tests are carried out under a water-soil solution to simulate realistic tillage lubrication environments. The results demonstrate that all textured surfaces exhibit improved friction and wear performance compared with the untextured smooth sample (Type S). Among all conditions, the Spacing II textures deliver the most significant enhancements. Specifically, the Type A texture with Spacing II spacing achieves the lowest friction coefficient of 0.33 and the lowest wear rate of 2.41×10‒5 mm³/(N·m). Compared with the smooth sample, this represents a 26.7% reduction in friction and a 14.8% reduction in wear rate. In general, across all spacing types, the tribological performance follows the trend: Type A> Type A-T > Type T. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of performance improvement, a bidirectional discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) multiphase flow simulation is conducted. The simulation model incorporates pure water and fine soil particles with an average diameter of 0.002 mm, representing a typical abrasive slurry in tillage environments. The simulation focuses on the shear stress distribution along the plow surface, the shear force acting on the textures, and the dynamic response of particles in the flow field. Simulation results reveal that the Spacing Ⅱ textured samples generated the lowest shear stress on the microstructured surface, with Types A, T, and A-T achieving values of 5.33, 7.85, and 5.98×10‒11 Pa, respectively. These findings correspond well with the experimental tribological data. Moreover, the DEM-CFD model shows that after reaching a steady-state flow regime, the particle trapping ability and mass variation curves differs among texture types. Spacing Ⅱ samples demonstrates moderate but stable particle capture, indicating a favorable balance between flow stability and particle retention, which may contribute to reduced surface abrasion and enhanced lubrication film maintenance. In conclusion, this study confirms that diamond-shaped micro-textures, particularly the concave-edged Type A under Spacing Ⅱ configuration, significantly improve the friction-reducing and wear-resistant performance of 65Mn steel plow surfaces. The experimental and numerical results provide consistent evidence that well-designed micro-texture geometry and spacing can reduce shear stress, optimize fluid-particle interactions, and improve overall tribological behavior. These findings offer both practical guidance and theoretical support for the development of advanced plow materials with enhanced durability in abrasive agricultural environments.
关键词
65Mn钢 /
犁面 /
菱形微织构 /
减摩抗磨 /
数值模拟
Key words
65Mn steel /
plow surface /
diamond-shaped micro-texture /
wear resistance and friction reduction /
numerical simulation
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基金
云南省农业基础研究联合专项重点项目（202301BD070001-012）
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