42CrMo钢表面激光熔覆CuSn12Ni2涂层组织及摩擦性能研究

郝泽冰; 崔泽琴; 冯志飞; 郝晓虎; 王文先; 李卫国

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.05.007

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5) : 91-100. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.05.007

摩擦磨损与润滑

42CrMo钢表面激光熔覆CuSn12Ni2涂层组织及摩擦性能研究

郝泽冰^1a, 崔泽琴^1a,*, 冯志飞², 郝晓虎^1a, 王文先^1a, 李卫国^1b

作者信息 +

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of the CuSn12Ni2 Coating Deposited on the 42CrMo Steel by Laser Cladding

HAO Zebing^1a, CUI Zeqin^1a,*, FENG Zhifei², HAO Xiaohu^1a, WANG Wenxian^1a, LI Weiguo^1b

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的提高42CrMo轴承钢的摩擦性能,降低其磨损失效风险,延长风电轴承的使用寿命。方法采用激光熔覆同轴送粉技术在风电轴承模拟件（42CrMo钢）表面制备CuSn12Ni2铜合金熔覆层,利用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、激光光谱共聚焦显微镜、显微维氏硬度计、纳米压痕测试仪、高速往复摩擦磨损试验机等对熔覆层孔隙率、微观形貌及物相组成进行研究,评估了熔覆层和基体在显微硬度、微纳力学性能、摩擦性能、磨损率及失重之间的差异。结果当P=2 800 W,V=40 mm/s时制备出致密无明显缺陷的CuSn12Ni2铜合金熔覆层,其孔隙率低至0.57%。熔覆层中部组织由柱状晶和细小枝晶组成,Cu/Sn元素分布均匀,主要以铜锡金属间化合物与α-Cu固溶体形式存在。通过制备CuSn12Ni2铜合金熔覆层极大地提高了接触面的摩擦性能,熔覆层与基体的显微硬度分别为178.6HV0.2和243.1HV0.2,熔覆层的平均摩擦系数（0.38）低于基体（42CrMo轴承钢）的平均摩擦系数（0.55）,熔覆层的磨损率与基体相比降低了58.33%,分别为22.419×10^‒4 mm³/(N·m)和53.806×10^‒4 mm³/(N·m),且熔覆层的质量损失为基体的3/8。结论在42CrMo轴承钢表面激光熔覆CuSn12Ni2涂层可以有效减轻磨损,延长其使用寿命。

Abstract

Marine and land wind power equipment often run for a long time under harsh conditions such as heavy and uneven loads, significantly lowering the viscosity and adhesion of lubricating oil and grease and resulting in the failure to form enough boundary films on the surface of the material, so the lubrication effect is not ideal. In this harsh environment, wind electric bearings are easy to fail due to wear or surface spalling, which shortens the service life of wind turbines and causes serious economic losses. Therefore, the work aims to improve the friction performance of (bearing steel simulation workpiece) 42CrMo bearing steel, increase its ability to resist wear failure behavior and extend the service life of wind power bearings. CuSn12Ni2 copper alloy cladding layer was prepared on the surface of 42CrMo steel bearing by laser cladding coaxial powder. OM, SEM, EDS, XRD, laser spectral confocal microscopy, micro Vickers hardness tester, nano indentation tester and high speed friction and wear testing machine were used to study the porosity, microstructure and phase composition of the cladding layer, and evaluate the difference between the cladding layer and the substrate in the microhardness, friction coefficient, wear rate and weight loss. At P=2 800 W and V=40 mm/s, the compact defect-free CuSn12Ni2 copper alloy coating was prepared and the porosity was as low as 0.57%. The pore morphology of the CuSn12Ni2 copper alloy cladding layer was mainly regular sphere, which was a typical bubble type. This was closely related to the Marangoni effect, the energy density and the low melting boiling point of Sn during laser cladding. The microstructure was mainly composed of columnar crystals and fine dendrites, and the Cu/Sn elements were evenly distributed, mainly composed of Cu-Sn gold intermetallic compounds and α-Cu solid solution. Due to the existence of oxygen in the air and the friction heat generation, a copper alloy oxide film was formed on the friction surface during the friction process. In the process of non-lubricated or micro-lubricated friction, the oxide film acted as a solid lubricant to form a lubricating layer, prevent the direct contact between the cladding layer and the friction pair, reduce the friction coefficient of the contact surface, and make the wear rate and wear volume of the cladding layer low. By preparing CuSn12Ni2 copper alloy cladding layer, the friction performance of the substrate was greatly improved. The microhardness of the cladding layer and the substrate was 178.6HV0.2 and 243.1HV0.2, respectively. The average friction coefficient of the cladding layer (0.38) was lower than that of 42CrMo bearing steel (0.55). Compared with the substrate, the wear rate of the cladding layer was reduced by 58.33%, which was 22.419×10^-4 mm³/(N·m) and 53.806×10^-4 mm³/(N·m), respectively, and the mass loss of the cladding layer was only 3/8 of that of the substrate. The wear mechanism of 42CrMo substrate was composed of three-body abrasive wear and scratch wear, while the wear mechanism of the cladding layer was mainly oxidative wear, demonstrating excellent anti-friction performance. Therefore, the laser cladding CuSn12Ni2 coating on the surface of wind power bearings can effectively reduce wear and improve service life.

导出引用

郝泽冰, 崔泽琴, 冯志飞, 郝晓虎, 王文先, 李卫国. 42CrMo钢表面激光熔覆CuSn12Ni2涂层组织及摩擦性能研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(5): 91-100

HAO Zebing, CUI Zeqin, FENG Zhifei, HAO Xiaohu, WANG Wenxian, LI Weiguo. Microstructure and Wear Resistance of the CuSn12Ni2 Coating Deposited on the 42CrMo Steel by Laser Cladding[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(5): 91-100

中图分类号： TH117

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