目的 针对地铁碳滑板在低湿季节和起步变速区段的磨耗、燃弧、温升异常突出的现象,在低湿环境下着重探究接触力和速度对浸金属碳滑板表面磨损性能的影响。方法 采用铜银合金接触线和浸金属碳滑板组成摩擦副,利用弓网系统载流磨损试验台进行摩擦磨损试验,并记录试验过程中碳滑板载流和接触力波动、燃弧放电和表面温升等变化情况。结果 无电流加载下,随接触力的增大碳滑板磨耗与温升增大,且表面机械切削划痕愈发明显;当加载电流后,接触力的增大利于载流效率的提升,同时一定程度上抑制燃弧次数、减少平均燃弧时间;而碳滑板表面电流和接触力波动、燃弧现象随速度的增大更为剧烈。碳滑板的磨耗与温升随接触力的增大呈先小幅减小后大幅增多的趋势;90 N接触力较120 N磨耗量减少25%,温升幅值下降20%,且在120 N下试验后的滑板表面形貌切削剥落更为严重。试验过程中,碳滑板表面温升呈先迅速上升后缓慢小幅上升的趋势,在跑合期小接触力下,滑板表面燃弧明显温升迅速而平稳期后大接触力下的温升较小接触力下上升趋势更陡。结论 速度越快,碳滑板载流越差、燃弧越突出,磨耗量和温升幅值也随之增大,而适当的接触力既可以提升碳滑板载流效率、抑制表面燃弧,又能减少磨耗量与温升幅值。
Abstract
In response to the phenomenon of abnormal wear, arcing, and temperature rise of the subway pantograph- catenary system during the low-humidity seasons and the acceleration zones at the beginning of operation, a friction pair composed of the metal-immersed carbon slider and the copper-silver alloy contact wire is used. Utilizing a ring-block type pantograph-catenary system friction and wear test platform, it is of great significance to investigate the influence of contact force and speed on the tribological performance of the metal-immersed carbon slider surface under low-humidity conditions. Before testing, the temperature and humidity of the test platform environment are controlled. Each test lasts 6 000 seconds and is repeated twice for friction and wear testing. During the test, parameters such as the current-carrying capacity, contact force fluctuations, arc discharge, and surface temperature rise of the metal-immersed carbon sliders are recorded. Post-test analysis includes measuring the wear volume, examining macro/micro wear patterns, and analyzing chemical composition changes on the surface of the carbon sliders. The results reveal that under no current loading, the wear and temperature rise of the carbon slider increase with the increase of contact force, and the scratches and furrows on the carbon slider surface after the test become more apparent. When the current is applied, the faster the speed, the more intense the current and contact force fluctuations, and the increase in contact force is beneficial to the improvement of current-carrying efficiency, especially at low speeds, where increasing the contact force from 60 N to 120 N at 40 km/h improves the current-carrying efficiency by about 12%, while at 60 km/h, it is only increased by about 5%. However, the faster the speed, the more intense the fluctuations in the surface current and contact force of the carbon slider, and the more prominent the arc ignition phenomenon. To some extent, an increase in contact force can somewhat suppress the number of arcing occurrences and the average arcing time. The wear volume and temperature rise amplitude of the carbon slider increase with the rise in speed and initially decreased slightly and then increase significantly with the increase in contact force; the wear amount at 90 N contact force is 25% less than that at 120 N, and the temperature rise amplitude decreases by 20%; moreover, the surface morphology of the slider after testing under 120 N shows even more severe cutting and spalling. During the test, the surface temperature of the carbon slider first rises rapidly and then increases slowly, with obvious arcing and rapid temperature rise under low contact force during the running-in period, while after the stable period, the temperature rise under high contact force is steeper than that under low contact force. In general, the faster the speed, the poorer the current carrying capacity, the more prominent the arc combustion, and the wear amount and temperature rise also increase accordingly. When the contact force is too insufficient, the dispersion of the applied current is large, the arc combustion rate is higher, and the arc erosion phenomenon is more prominent. On the other hand, excessive contact force, under the combined action of arc erosion and mechanical cutting, results in more severe wear on the surface morphology of the carbon slider, with obvious ablation and spalling pits. An appropriate contact force can not only improve the current carrying efficiency and suppress arc combustion, but also simultaneously reduce the wear amount and temperature rise, indicating the existence of an optimal contact force.
关键词
低湿环境 /
浸金属碳滑板 /
摩擦磨损 /
接触力 /
接触温度 /
电弧侵蚀 /
表面形貌
Key words
low-humidity environment /
metal-immersed carbon sliders /
friction and wear /
contact force /
contact temperature /
arc erosion /
surface morphology
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52472421）; 陕西省重点研发计划（2024GX-YBXM-238）; 天津市科研项目资金（24ZYCGYS00800）
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