玻璃熔剂与颜色填料对光伏镀釉玻璃釉层剥离强度的影响

黄艳萍; 单演炎; 孟庆法; 孙晓洋; 卢佳妍; 蒋杰; 王亿

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.04.020

PDF(4099 KB)

表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4) : 229-237. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.04.020

功能表面及技术

玻璃熔剂与颜色填料对光伏镀釉玻璃釉层剥离强度的影响

黄艳萍^*, 单演炎, 孟庆法, 孙晓洋, 卢佳妍, 蒋杰, 王亿

作者信息 +

Effect of Glass Flux and Color Filler on Peel Strength of Glaze Layer on Photovoltaic Glazed Glass

HUANG Yanping^*, SHAN Yanyan, MENG Qingfa, SUN Xiaoyang, LU Jiayan, JIANG Jie, WANG Yi

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的为探究双玻光伏组件中镀釉玻璃釉层剥离强度的影响因素及机理。方法采用不同熔点的玻璃熔剂及不同颜色填料制备光伏镀釉玻璃,搭配不同胶膜进行了剥离强度试验,通过水接触角和扫描电镜对镀釉玻璃釉层表面浸润性和微观形貌进行了表征。结果从釉层与胶膜间机械作用力、浸润性、物理吸附和化学键合等方面,分析了玻璃熔剂和色料对釉层剥离强度的影响。低熔点玻璃熔剂与钛白粉制备釉层与胶膜间剥离强度可达125 N/cm,较常规玻璃熔剂与铜铬黑制备釉层剥离强度提高37 N/cm。结论玻璃熔剂对釉层剥离强度影响较大,低熔点玻璃熔剂制备釉层表面浸润性良好,加入Bi₂O₃提高了界面上Si—O—Si键的形成率,进一步提高了界面能。颜色填料极性差异导致釉层表面粗糙度不同,极性钛白粉形成的堆积结构增加了与胶膜的黏接接触,提升了界面黏接性能。

Abstract

As a fundamental element of photovoltaic energy conversion, the efficiency of photovoltaic modules remains a primary focus of research both domestically and internationally. Applying a glaze layer at the gap between backplane glass and solar cells effectively enhances the power output of double-glass photovoltaic modules. Current investigations predominantly examine the reflectivity properties of white glaze layers and their effects on mechanical integrity of glass, with limited attention to factors affecting glaze adhesion. This article studies the effects of glass fluxes and color fillers on the adhesion properties of glaze layers. The formulation employed low-melting-point and conventional glass fluxes as fluxing agents, with titanium dioxide and copper chrome black as color fillers. These components are combined with an acrylic resin matrix and appropriate additives to synthesize the glaze. The preparation involved the glass fluxes, color fillers, acrylic resin solution, and additives in a mass ratio of 52%∶30%∶10%∶8%, followed by mechanical stirring for 30 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion. A glaze layer approximately 20 μm in thickness is uniformly deposited onto the textured glass substrate with a coating applicator. The glazed glass is subsequently placed to thermal curing in a convection oven at 150 ℃ for 15 minutes. After complete solvent evaporation, the specimens are heated in a muffle furnace at 700 ℃ for 5 minutes, resulting in four types of glazed glass. The static water contact angle of each glaze layer is measured with a contact angle goniometer (KRUSS DSA25S), and surface microstructure is examined via SEM (Zeiss SIGMA). Laminates are assembled by layering four types of glazed glass with three types of Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) (cured at 145 ℃, vacuumed for 6 minutes, pressed for 10 minutes). The peel strength between the glaze layer and EVA is evaluated with a universal testing machine (INSTRON 3367). These laminates undergo PCT at 121 ℃ and 100% relative humidity for 96 hours, followed by re-assessment of peel strength. The surface of glaze layer prepared by titanium dioxide is rough. The contact angle of the glaze layer prepared by low melting point glass flux and titanium dioxide is 32.5° smaller than that of glaze layer prepared by conventional glass fluxes and copper chrome black, and the interface binding energy is 70 J higher. The glaze layer prepared by low melting point glass fluxes and titanium dioxide has the best adhesion performance, and the peel strength can reach 125 N/cm, which is 37 N/cm higher than that prepared by conventional glass fluxes and copper chrome black. The glass flux has a great influence on the peel strength of the glaze layer. The surface of the glaze layer prepared by low melting point glass fluxes shows good wettability. The addition of Bi₂O₃ can improve the formation rate of Si—O—Si bond at the interface and further improve the interface energy. The polarity difference of the color filler leads to different surface roughness of the glaze layer. The particle accumulation structure on the surface of the glaze layer prepared by titanium dioxide effectively increases the bonding contact with the film.

导出引用

黄艳萍, 单演炎, 孟庆法, 孙晓洋, 卢佳妍, 蒋杰, 王亿. 玻璃熔剂与颜色填料对光伏镀釉玻璃釉层剥离强度的影响[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(4): 229-237

HUANG Yanping, SHAN Yanyan, MENG Qingfa, SUN Xiaoyang, LU Jiayan, JIANG Jie, WANG Yi. Effect of Glass Flux and Color Filler on Peel Strength of Glaze Layer on Photovoltaic Glazed Glass[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(4): 229-237

中图分类号： TQ171 TQ436.4

参考文献

[1] 朱晓岗, 黄艳萍, 黄文浩, 等. 光伏镀膜玻璃研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(4): 1211-1218.
ZHU X G, HUANG Y P, HUANG W H, et al.Research Progress and Development Trend of Photovoltaic Coated Glass[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024, 43(4): 1211-1218.
[2] WANG Y, WANG S X, ZHAO Q Y.Experimental Investigation on the Combustion Performance of Single- Glass and Double-Glazed Photovoltaic Modules[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2025, 285: 113528.
[3] MAHMOOD F I, KUMAR A, AFRIDI M, et al.Potential Induced Degradation in C-Si Glass-Glass Modules after Extended Damp Heat Stress[J]. Solar Energy, 2023, 254: 102-111.
[4] TANG J, JU C H, LV R R, et al.The Performance of Double Glass Photovoltaic Modules under Composite Test Conditions[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 130: 87-93.
[5] TIEFENTHALER M, WALLNER G M, SÄCKL G, et al. Effect of UV Ageing on Debonding of Double Glass Laminates Based on Different Crosslinking and Thermoplastic PV Encapsulants[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2024, 273: 112965.
[6] WISNIEWSKI D, LV R R, NAIR S V, et al.Measurement and Modelling of Water Ingress into Double-Glass Photovoltaic Modules[J]. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 2019, 27(2): 144-151.
[7] 杨振英, 赵邦桂, 郗复缓, 等. 双面率对双玻光伏组件发电量的影响探究[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(S1): 56-58.
YANG Z Y, ZHAO B G, (CHI/XI) F H, et al. Study on the Influence of Double-sided Ratio on the Power Generation of Double-glass Photovoltaic Modules[J]. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(S1): 56-58.
[8] HE Y F, LI C Y, LI X Y, et al.Investigations on Low-Melting Glasses in ZnO-CuO-Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ System for Sealing Vacuum Glasses[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2025, 340: 130868.
[9] LIU W, JIAO J X, LUO D S, et al.Effect of Bi/Si Ratio of BiBSi Glass on Its Structure, Properties and Laser Sealing Shear Strength for Vacuum Glazing[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed, 2025, 40(1): 13-24.
[10] 赵田贵, 汪伟, 刘溧, 等. Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂三元体系低熔点玻璃的结构及性能研究[J]. 中国陶瓷, 2023, 59(6): 49-56.
ZHAO T G, WANG W, LIU L, et al.Study on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ Ternary System Low-Melting Glass[J]. China Ceramics, 2023, 59(6): 49-56.
[11] 田密, 曲兆娟. 光伏玻璃镀釉背板表面应力影响因素分析[J]. 玻璃搪瓷与眼镜, 2022, 50(8): 38-43.
TIAN M, QU Z J.Analysis of Factors Affecting Surface Stress of Rear Cover Glass for Double Photovoltaic Patterned Module[J]. Glass Enamel& Ophthalmic Optics, 2022, 50(8): 38-43.
[12] 赵田贵. 高反射釉料抗冲击性能的影响[J]. 陶瓷, 2021(9): 43-44.
ZHAO T G.Impact Resistance of Highly Reflective Glazes[J]. Ceramics, 2021(9): 43-44.
[13] 吴江涛, 刘津, 刘玲玲, 等. 高反射釉料对不同厚度光伏玻璃断裂强度的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(4): 1350-1358.
WU J T, LIU J, LIU L L, et al.Effect of Highly Reflective Glaze on Fracture Strength of Solar Photovoltaic Glass with Different Thicknesses[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024, 43(4): 1350-1358.
[14] 张莉莉, 李晓东, 刘肇菲, 等. 低钛涂釉背板玻璃的制备[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2024, 42(1): 116-122.
ZHANG L L, LI X D, LIU Z F, et al.Synthesis of Low-Titanium Glazed Backplane Glass[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2024, 42(1): 116-122.
[15] 汪伟, 赵田贵, 孟子豪, 等. n(Bi₂O₃)/n(SiO₂)对Bi₂O₃ B₂O₃-SiO₂系光伏玻璃背板油墨微观结构和反射率的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(2): 702-709.
WANG W, ZHAO T G, MENG Z H, et al.Effect of n(Bi₂O₃)/n(SiO₂)on Microstructure and Reflectivity of Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ System Photovoltaic Glass Backplane Inks[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024, 43(2): 702-709.
[16] 徐敏伟. 光伏镀釉玻璃的黏接力和黄变研究[J]. 玻璃, 2025, 52(2): 18-21.
XU M W.Study on Adhesion and Yellowing of Glazed Photovoltaic Glass[J]. Glass, 2025, 52(2): 18-21.
[17] 上海橡胶制品研究所. 胶粘剂180°剥离强度试验方法挠性材料对刚性材料: GB/T 2790—1995[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995: 3.
Shanghai Rubber Products Research Institute. Adhesives, 180° Peel Strength Test Method for a Flexible-bonded- to-rigid Test Specimen Assembly: GB/T 2790—1995[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1995: 3.
[18] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 光伏组件封装材料加速老化试验方法: GB/T 41203— 2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Method for Accelerated Aging Test of PV Module Encapsulating Material: GB/T 41203—2021[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021.
[19] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 光伏组件封装用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)胶膜: GB/T 29848—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018: 5.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer(EVA)Film for PV Module: GB/T 29848—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018: 5.
[20] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 玻璃表面疏水污染物检测接触角测量法: GB/T 24368—2009[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009: 2.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle Measurement: GB/T 24368— 2009[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009: 2.
[21] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 微米级长度的扫描电镜测量方法通则: GB/T 16594—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009: 3.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. General Rules for Measurement of Length in Micron Scale by SEM: GB/T 16594—2008[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009: 3.
[22] 刘苗苗, 周麒麟, 李陶, 等. 光伏用聚烯烃封装胶膜的黏接性能研究[J]. 化工生产与技术, 2023, 29(6): 4-7.
LIU M M, ZHOU Q L, LI T, et al.The Study on Adhesion Performance of Polyolefin Encapsulant Film for Photovoltaic Application[J]. Chemical Production and Technology, 2023, 29(6): 4-7.
[23] YUVERAJ J A, ATUL S T, SACHIN S S.Investigation of Peel Resistance of Adhesives Materials: A Review[J]. Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation, 2018, 10, 19-28.
[24] ORESKI G, OMAZIC A, EDER G C, et al.Properties and Degradation Behaviour of Polyolefin Encapsulants for Photovoltaic Modules[J]. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 2020, 28(12): 1277-1288.
[25] DESAI U, KUMAR SHARMA B, SINGH A, et al.A Comparison of Evolution of Adhesion Mechanisms and Strength Post Damp-Heat Aging for a Range of VA Content in EVA Encapsulant with Photovoltaic Backsheet[J]. Solar Energy, 2022, 231: 908-920.
[26] TIEFENTHALER M, WALLNER G M, PUGSTALLER R.Effect of Global Damp Heat Ageing on Debonding of Crosslinked EVA- and POE-Glass Laminates[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2024, 264: 112602.
[27] 万小东, 孙其勋, 刘健犇, 等. 基于界面相互作用的黏附接触数学模型研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(1): 33-47.
WAN X D, SUN Q X, LIU J B, et al.Research Progress on Mathematical Model of Adhesive Contact Based on Interface Interaction[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(1): 33-47.
[28] 潘晓龙, 胡小刚, 赵婧, 等. 薄膜/涂层材料界面结合强度评价方法研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2022, 51(4): 50-65.
PAN X L, HU X G, ZHAO J, et al.Research Progress on Evaluation Methods of Interfacial Bonding Strength of Film/Coating[J]. Surface Technology, 2022, 51(4): 50-65.
[29] BORNEMANN S, HENNING S, NAUMENKO K, et al.Strength Analysis of Laminated Glass/EVA Interfaces: Microstructure, Peel Force and Energy of Adhesion[J]. Composite Structures, 2022, 297: 115940.
[30] WEI Y G.Modeling Nonlinear Peeling of Ductile Thin Films--Critical Assessment of Analytical Bending Models Using FE Simulations[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2004, 41(18/19): 5087-5104.