目的 系统研究三维有序光子晶体的中远红外特性,并推动其在红外隐身领域的应用,旨在解决传统低发射率金属涂层不利于多波段（可见光/红外/雷达）兼容隐身的问题。方法 通过Translight可视化计算软件（基于矩阵传输法）进行仿真,以3~5 μm波段为例,系统研究了光子晶体涂层厚度、入射角度、微球粒径及材料折射率对其红外辐射特性的影响。结果 研究发现,在相同厚度下,蛋白石结构的禁带宽度显著小于反蛋白石结构,故优选反蛋白石结构作为低发射率涂层。随着蛋白石微球粒径的增加或者结构材料的折射率增大,禁带的中心点波长越大,禁带越宽;增加涂层厚度可提升材料反射率,并引起禁带中心波长蓝移;一旦形成稳定禁带,其中心波长及宽度不再随厚度变化;针对3~5 μm工作波段不同粒径的反蛋白石光子晶体在大角度（入射角>45°）红外探测下展现出优异的隐身效果。结论 仿真获得的禁带中心波长与布拉格方程计算结果高度一致,验证了模型的高可靠性,也通过实验与文献结果对比论证了光子晶体基材的折射率越低、红外效果越不明显的结论。另外,通过明晰三维有序光子晶体在中远红外特性,为设计高效红外隐身涂层提供了直接的理论依据和参数优化指导,推动了该材料在红外隐身技术中的应用。
Abstract
The work aims to systematically report the mid- and far-infrared characteristics of three-dimensional ordered photonic crystals, so as to facilitate their subsequent application in infrared stealth and address the issue that the widely used low-emissivity metal coating for evading infrared detection is highly reflective, which is not conducive to multi-band compatibility in visible light, infrared, and radar stealth.
The matrix transmission method was adopted to carry out simulation calculation through the visualization calculation software "translight". Since conventionally self-assembled styrene photonic crystals exhibited a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, the theoretical model was designed with an FCC lattice configuration. Simulations were performed by modifying the following parameters: unit cell dimensions, coating stacking thickness, dielectric constant, incident light angle, etc. The simulation template could be selected from the USE Predefined System. The working band of 3-5 μm was taken as an example to conduct simulation. The primary materials selected were SiO2 and TiO2. For the opal-structured photonic crystals, a 16-layer configuration was required in the simulation, while the inverse opal photonic crystals necessitated 64-layer simulations. In the opal structures, microsphere diameters of 2 μm were selected for simulation design. For the inverse opal structures, air sphere diameters of 1.2 μm, 1.6 μm, and 2 μm were simulated. The incidence angles were also studied from 0° to 90°.
It was found that the photonic band gap of an opal structure was significantly smaller than that of an inverse opal structure in coatings of the same thickness. Therefore, it was preferable to choose the inverse opal structure for low-emissivity coatings. Besides, the band gap and its central point value increased with the increase of the opal microsphere size or the refractive index of the material. With the increase of the coating thickness, the reflectance of the material increased gradually, and the center point shifted blue. By studying the characteristics of inverse opal photonic crystals under different polarization modes, it was discovered that these crystals exhibited a complete band gap. After the formation of the band gap, the band gap and its central point value did not change. The reflectance of inverse opal photonic crystals was high and the band gap was wide for different microsphere sizes in the working band of 3-5 μm, when the incident angle (> 45°) was large.
The high consistency between the center wavelength of the band gap in the simulation model and the calculated results from the Bragg equation demonstrates the high reliability of the model. It is also demonstrated through comparison between experimental and literature results that the lower the refractive index of the photonic crystal substrate, the less noticeable the infrared performance. Additionally, by clarifying the optical properties of three-dimensionally ordered photonic crystals in the mid- to far-infrared range, optimizing engineered band gap structures can suppress and shield object radiation while maintaining multi-band compatibility.
关键词
反蛋白石 /
光子晶体 /
中远红外 /
矩阵传输法 /
禁带
Key words
inverse opal /
photonic crystals /
mid-far infrared /
matrix transmission method /
band gap
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