目的 基于双辉等离子表面合金化（DGPSA）技术,在304不锈钢表面制备了FeNi合金涂层以提高304不锈钢的电磁屏蔽性能。方法 采用双辉等离子表面冶金炉,在两种不同保温温度条件下制备了FeNi合金涂层;采用SEM和XRD表征涂层微观结构与物相组成;采用矢量网络分析仪测试X波段（8.2~12.4 GHz）电磁屏蔽效能;采用纳米压痕法分析应变率对硬度和弹性模量的影响规律。结果 900 ℃制备的涂层厚度约6 μm且含少量缺陷,950 ℃制备的涂层厚度增至12 μm且涂层致密度显著提升;两种温度制备的涂层均具有面心立方（FCC）晶体结构。900 ℃与950 ℃制备的涂层在X波段分别具有29 dB与35 dB的屏蔽性能。950 ℃制备的涂层硬度和弹性模量分别为2.04 GPa与123.6 GPa;硬度随应变率增加而增加,表现出明显的应变率效应,而弹性模量基本保持稳定。结论 镍含量较高的FeNi合金涂层显著降低了磁晶各向异性,通过涡流损耗与磁滞损耗的协同作用衰减入射电磁波能量;相较于900 ℃制备的涂层,950 ℃制备的涂层致密度更高,有效减少了界面缺陷引发的磁通泄漏。同时,涂层优异的延展性可有效避免脆性断裂,使其在动态载荷工况下具有更广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
With the advent of the information age, the electromagnetic interference emitted by commercial and military electronic equipment (radar, smart phones and wireless local area networks) has caused serious electromagnetic pollution. The electromagnetic radiation generated during the operation of electronic equipment not only interferes with the normal operation of other electronic components, but also induces health risks such as headache, depression and immunodeficiency of operators. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient electromagnetic protection technology to ensure the stable operation of equipment and human health and safety. The soft magnetic FeNi alloy can efficiently absorb electromagnetic waves through the magnetic loss-dielectric loss coupling mechanism by virtue of its high saturation magnetization and excellent permeability. However, the direct application of FeNi alloy materials in the field of electromagnetic shielding has defects such as high bulk density, high cost and easy corrosion. The FeNi alloy coating is prepared by surface coating technology to meet the requirements of low density, strong attenuation ability and high effective absorption bandwidth of electromagnetic shielding materials in the future high-tech era. Double glow plasma surface alloying technology (DGPSA) is used to deposit on the surface of the substrate under physical sputtering by high-energy argon ions generated by glow discharge bombarding the source. At the same time, argon ions bombard the surface of the substrate, so that the surface of the substrate is rapidly heated to the critical diffusion temperature, and the gradient alloying coating combined with the substrate metallurgy is formed by bulk diffusion. Double glow plasma surface alloying technology (DGPSA) is a kind of surface treatment technology with fast infiltration speed, energy saving, large area treatment and environmental friendliness. It has broad prospects in various engineering applications. The thickness of the coating can be controlled during the preparation process, and a continuous, dense and metallurgically bonded surface alloying coating can be formed.
In this work, the FeNi alloy coating is prepared on a 304 stainless steel substrate based on double glow plasma surface alloying (DGPSA) technology, and its electromagnetic shielding and mechanical properties are systematically investigated. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating are characterized by SEM and XRD. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) is tested by vector network analyzer. The influence of strain rate on hardness and elastic modulus is analyzed by nanoindentation. The experimental results show that the coating prepared at 900 ℃ has a thickness of about 6 μm and some defects, and the coating prepared at 950 ℃ increases to 12 μm and the density is significantly improved. Both of them have face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The X-band shielding effectiveness increases significantly with the increase of temperature, and that of the coatings at 900 ℃and 950 ℃ reaches 29 dB and 35 dB, respectively. The hardness and elastic modulus of the coating at 950 ℃ are 2.04 GPa and 123.6 GPa, respectively. The hardness is positively correlated with the increase of strain rate (strain rate effect), while the elastic modulus remains strain rate independent. Compared with the coating prepared at 900 ℃, the coating prepared at 950 ℃ has higher density, which effectively reduces the magnetic flux leakage caused by interface defects. At the same time, the excellent ductility of the coating can effectively avoid brittle fracture, making it have a broader application prospect.
关键词
FeNi合金涂层 /
电磁屏蔽 /
双辉等离子表面合金化技术 /
矢量网络分析仪 /
纳米压痕 /
应变率效应
Key words
FeNi alloy coating /
electromagnetic shielding /
double glow plasma surface alloying /
vector network analyzer /
nanoindentation /
strain rate effect
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] SHAHZAD F, ALHABEB M, HATTER C B, et al.Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with 2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes)[J]. Science, 2016, 353(6304): 1137-1140.
[2] LI J S, XIE Y Z, LU W B, et al.Flexible Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Composite Based on 3D RGO-CNT-Fe3O4 Ternary Films[J]. Carbon, 2018, 129: 76-84.
[3] WANG Q W, ZHANG H B, LIU J, et al.Multifunctional and Water-Resistant MXene-Decorated Polyester Textiles with Outstanding Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Joule Heating Performances[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(7): 1806819.
[4] ABBASI H, ANTUNES M, VELASCO J I.Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2019, 103: 319-373.
[5] 张梦辉, 马忠雷, 马建中, 等. 聚合物基电磁屏蔽复合材料的结构设计与性能研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(5): 1358-1370.
ZHANG M H, MA Z L, MA J Z, et al.Research Progress of Structure Design and Performance of Polymer-Based Electromagnetic Shielding Composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2021, 38(5): 1358-1370.
[6] SONG P, MA Z L, QIU H, et al.High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of rGO@FeNi/ Epoxy Composites with Regular Honeycomb Structures[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14(1): 51.
[7] WANG L, MA Z L, ZHANG Y L, et al.Polymer-Based EMI Shielding Composites with 3D Conductive Networks: A Mini-Review[J]. SusMat, 2021, 1(3): 413-431.
[8] SINGH A K, SHISHKIN A, KOPPEL T, et al.A Review of Porous Lightweight Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 149: 188-197.
[9] HUANG S, WANG L, LI Y C, et al.Novel Ti3C2Tx MXene/Epoxy Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings for Ancient Wooden Architectures[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021, 138(27): 50649.
[10] 张苗, 曹高涛, 俞丹, 等. 电磁屏蔽镀层及涂层织物的屏蔽机制与研究进展[J]. 毛纺科技, 2024, 52(10): 138-145.
ZHANG M, CAO G T, YU D, et al.Shielding Mechanism and Research Progress of Electromagnetic Shielding Plating/Coating Fabrics[J]. Wool Textile Journal, 2024, 52(10): 138-145.
[11] WANG S J, LI D S, JIANG L.Synergistic Effects between MXenes and Ni Chains in Flexible and Ultrathin Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Films[J]. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2019, 6(19): 1900961.
[12] WANG J J, WANG C, YANG H T, et al.Lightweight Asymmetric C/SiC Nanofiber Film with Conductive- Dielectric Gradient for Adjustable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding[J]. Carbon, 2025, 235: 120068.
[13] XU Y D, YANG Y Q, DUAN H J, et al.Flexible and Highly Conductive Sandwich Nylon/Nickel Film for Ultra-Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 455: 856-863.
[14] LIU Z L, HE F, GAO F, et al.Fabrication and Electromagnetic Properties of Novel FeNi Alloy-Coated Flake Graphite Prepared by Electroless Plating[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 656: 51-57.
[15] ZHAO B, HAMIDINEJAD M, WANG S, et al.Advances in Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Composite Foams[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021, 9(14): 8896-8949.
[16] KUMAR R, SAHOO S, JOANNI E, et al.Recent Progress on Carbon-Based Composite Materials for Microwave Electromagnetic Interference Shielding[J]. Carbon, 2021, 177: 304-331.
[17] 崔凯捷, 王建刚, 王鹤峰, 等. Mo与CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金硬质涂层的制备、微结构及力学性能[J]. 高压物理学报, 2025, 39(8): 56-68.
CUI K J, WANG J G, WANG H F, et al.Preparation, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mo Layer and CoCrFeNiMn High Entropy Alloy Hard Coating Layer[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2025, 39(8): 56-68.
[18] 朱晓林, 姚正军, 包卫军, 等. Q235钢双辉镍铬共渗层的组织结构和耐蚀性能[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 2009(2): 223-229.
ZHU X L, YAO Z J, BAO W J, et al.Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviors of Nickel-Chromium Alloyed Layer on Q235 Steel Synthesized by Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technology[J]. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Science), 2009(2): 223-229.
[19] 闫江山, 郭鹏, 林乃明, 等. 双辉等离子渗铬界面层对类石墨碳基涂层力学及磨蚀性能的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(1): 169-181.
YAN J S, GUO P, LIN N M, et al.Effect of Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Cr Buffer Layer on Mechanical and Tribocorrosion Properties of Graphite-Like Carbon Composite Coating[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(1): 169-181.
[20] 徐重. 我国在金属材料表面工程领域的一项重大原创性技术——双辉光等离子表面冶金技术[J]. 热处理, 2020, 35(6): 1-14.
XU C Z.A Major Original Innovation Technology in Field of Metal Material Surface Engineering Io China—Double Glow Plasma Surfach Metallurry Technology[J]. Heat Treatment, 2020, 35(6): 1-14.
[21] LIN N M, ZHAO L L, LIU Q, et al.Preparation of Titanizing Coating on AISI 316 Stainless Steel by Pack Cementation to Mitigate Surface Damage: Estimations of Corrosion Resistance and Tribological Behavior[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2019, 129: 387-400.
[22] 罗长增, 曾笑笑, 魏东博, 等. 基于双辉技术的气门盘锥面TiN涂层制备和高温摩擦行为[J]. 金属热处理, 2024, 49(7): 195-199.
LUO C Z, ZENG X X, WEI D B, et al.Preparation and High-Temperature Friction Behavior of TiN Coating on Valve Disc Cone Surface Based on Dual Glow Technology[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2024, 49(7): 195-199.
[23] WANG Y, WANG W, DING X D, et al.Multilayer- Structured Ni-Co-Fe-P/Polyaniline/Polyimide Composite Fabric for Robust Electromagnetic Shielding with Low Reflection Characteristic[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 380: 122553.
[24] OLIVEIRA J P, PONDER K, BRIZES E, et al.Combining Resistance Spot Welding and Friction Element Welding for Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High Strength Steels[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, 273: 116192.
[25] XING X G, WANG Y S, XIAO G S, et al.Rate-Dependent Indentation Size Effect on Hardness and Creep Behavior of a Titanium Metallization Film on Alumina Substrate[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 15: 4662-4671.
[26] XIAO G S, YUAN G Z, JIA C N, et al.Strain Rate Sensitivity of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder Investigated by Nanoindentation[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2014, 613: 336-339.
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目（11802199）; 山西省2024年度留学人员科技活动项目择优资助（2024-63）; 中国—白俄罗斯电磁环境效应“一带一路”联合实验室（ZBKF2022031101）
PDF(6665 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501715号 渝ICP备15012534号-3
