目的 通过引发式化学气相沉积（iCVD）技术结合聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）/纳米碳管（CNT）纳米复合材料制备具有纳米锥阵列的超疏水光热复合涂层,并研究其疏水性及抗结冰性能。方法 将不同质量分数的CNT与PDMS混合以制备纳米复合薄膜,采用iCVD方法在复合薄膜表面沉积纳米锥阵列。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和接触角测试仪对涂层的成分、形貌及润湿性进行表征。通过测试结冰延迟时间、冰黏附强度和光热融冰效应评估样品的抗结冰性能。通过冻融循环、耐酸碱和水滴冲击测试评估样品的耐久性。结果 质量分数为2%的CNT与PDMS混合制备的纳米复合薄膜具有优良的光热效应。在薄膜表面制备纳米锥阵列涂层,其静态水接触角达到151.8°,滑动角低至2°,展现出优异的疏水性。凭借涂层的微纳结构和低表面能及光热材料的协同作用,在温度为-15 ℃、湿度为65%环境下,延迟结冰时间高达982 s,达到未沉积涂层样品的2倍,冰黏附强度低至9.8 kPa,达到未沉积涂层PDMS样品的20%以下。在冻融循环、水滴冲击测试、耐酸碱测试之后,复合涂层依旧具有超疏水性,展现出良好的化学稳定性和机械耐久性。结论 在PDMS/CNT纳米复合材料上采用iCVD一步沉积纳米锥阵列涂层,所制备的样品具有良好的疏水性、光热和抗结冰性能,展现出在户外电力设施,如绝缘子等表面抗结冰方面的巨大应用潜力。
Abstract
Ice accumulation on the surfaces of outdoor power facilities such as insulators poses severe challenges to energy infrastructure. These include degraded operational performance due to increased electrical resistance, elevated maintenance costs from frequent deicing operations, and heightened safety risks such as tower overloads or insulator flashovers. Such issues have made the development of advanced materials with excellent hydrophobicity and anti-icing properties increasingly crucial for ensuring reliable operation in cold and humid environments. The work aims to prepare superhydrophobic photothermal composite coatings with nanocone arrays via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) technology combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites, and investigate their hydrophobicity and anti-icing properties.
To achieve this, PDMS/CNT nanocomposite films are prepared by mixing CNTs with PDMS at different mass fractions, and then nanocone arrays are deposited on the surface of these composite films with the iCVD method. The coatings undergo comprehensive characterization to evaluate their properties: composition is analyzed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface morphology is examined through scanning electron microscopy, and wettability is assessed through contact angle goniometry. Their anti-icing performance is evaluated by measuring key metrics including icing delay time, ice adhesion strength, and photothermal deicing efficiency under controlled low-temperature conditions. Additionally, the durability of the samples is assessed through freeze-thaw cycle tests, acid-base resistance tests, and water droplet impact tests.
The results demonstrate that the nanocomposite film prepared with a 2% mass fraction of CNTs mixed with PDMS exhibits exceptional photothermal effects, efficiently converting light energy into heat to prevent ice formation. The nanocone array coating deposited on this film surface achieves a static water contact angle of 151.8° and a sliding angle as low as 2°, showcasing excellent superhydrophobicity that minimizes water adhesion. This superior performance arises from the synergistic effect of the coating's micro-nano structure, which traps air to reduce liquid-solid contact, its low surface energy that repels water, and its photothermal material properties that actively melt incipient ice. Specifically, in an environment with a temperature of -15 ℃ and a humidity of 65%, the icing delay time of Si wafer treated with NC coating reaches 297 s, which is almost 30 times that of pristine Si wafer. The icing delay time of a PDMS/CNT composite film treated with NC (PC-3/NC) reaches 982 s, which is more than twice that of the PDMS/CNT composite film without NC coating. The ice adhesion strength of PC-3/NC is as low as 9.8 kPa, accounting for only 20% of that of the sample without the deposited NC coating. Moreover, after undergoing 20 freeze-thaw cycles, continuous water droplet impact, and prolonged acid/base exposure, the composite coating retains its superhydrophobicity and structural integrity, indicating good chemical stability and mechanical durability.
In conclusion, the sample prepared by one step deposition of nanocone array coating on PDMS CNT nanocomposites with iCVD exhibits excellent hydrophobicity, efficient photothermal effect, and superior anti-icing performance. These findings highlight the great application potential of the synthesized coatings in anti-icing applications on the surfaces of various outdoor power facilities, including insulators, transmission lines, and wind turbine blades, offering a promising solution to mitigate ice-related operational challenges in energy infrastructure.
关键词
抗结冰 /
iCVD /
光热融冰 /
超疏水表面 /
绝缘子
Key words
anti-icing /
iCVD /
photothermal ice melting /
superhydrophobic surface /
insulator
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基金
国网双创孵化培育资金项目（B711JZ24000J）
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