超润湿材料的研究进展及在油水分离中的应用

武天豪; 王玉华; 屈婷; 郑贤敏; 张海龙

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.04.012

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4) : 138-159. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.04.012

功能表面及技术

超润湿材料的研究进展及在油水分离中的应用

武天豪^1,2,3, 王玉华², 屈婷⁴, 郑贤敏², 张海龙^2,3,*

作者信息 +

Research Progress of Superwetting Materials and Their Application in Oil-water Separation

WU Tianhao^1,2,3, WANG Yuhua², QU Ting⁴, ZHENG Xianmin², ZHANG Hailong^2,3,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

随着海洋经济贸易和生产制造工业的发展,海上溢油事故及工业含油废水污染等问题日趋严峻,因此开发快速清除水面溢油、高效实现油水分离的新型环保材料成为当下的研究热点。本文综述并探讨了近年来超润湿材料在油水分离系统中的最新进展,并重点从以下几个方面进行介绍：首先阐述了超润湿材料的制备方式,其次具体介绍了多种超润湿材料,包括超亲油及超亲水性多功能材料、超润湿气凝胶材料、Janus材料以及智能响应润湿性材料。这些材料通过仿生等多种设计理念和接枝等多种制备技术所开发,不仅具备优异的油水接触角,还在渗透通量及机械强度等方面展现出良好应用潜力。虽然超润湿材料具备诸多出色性能,但在实际应用中仍会受到长期稳定性不足等缺点限制,现今人们正通过改善相关界面修饰技术等方式来应对该挑战。综上：新型超润湿材料将是未来最具潜力的环保材料,耦合多种润湿特性材料的应用工作尚需更加深入的展开探索与研究。

Abstract

With the rapid development of marine economy, trade, and manufacturing, the challenges posed by marine oil spillage and industrial oily wastewater pollution to the environment are becoming increasingly severe. Consequently, the advancement of novel eco-friendly materials capable of rapidly mitigating oil spillage and efficiently achieving oil-water separation has emerged as a prominent research focus.
This paper comprehensively reviews and discusses the latest progress of superwetting materials in oil-water separation systems in recent years, with focuses on the following aspects: Firstly, it elaborates systematically on the basic properties and preparation methodologies of superwetting materials; Secondly, it specifically introduces the construction of diverse superwetting materials, including superlipophilic and superhydrophilic multifunctional materials, which respectively exhibit exceptional affinity towards oil and water, enabling instantaneous spreading of either substance on their surfaces; superwetting aerogel materials, which effectively manipulate the distribution pattern of liquids through the synergistic design of micro/nano hierarchical pore structures and surface chemical modifications; and Janus materials, an emerging new category of materials, characterized by asymmetric structures or heterogeneous/uneven distribution of chemical compositions. These properties endow their surfaces with different performance characteristics on both sides; and intelligent responsive wettable materials, which integrate superwettability with stimulus responsiveness, allowing for intelligent and reversible alteration of surface wetting behaviors under external environmental stimuli, thereby enabling on-demand control of liquid manipulation, separation, and sensing functionalities.
These materials are developed through various innovative design paradigms, including biomimetic approaches, and sophisticated fabrication techniques such as molecular grafting. They not only exhibit exceptional oil-water contact angles but also demonstrate significant potential in terms of permeation flux and mechanical robustness. In recent years, superwetting materials have achieved substantial progress in both laboratory research and practical oil-water separation applications. These materials either enhance design efficacy through optimized natural wetting mechanisms or improve performance metrics via advanced material processing techniques, thereby significantly augmenting their oil-water separation capabilities. However, the materials required for practical applications should not only be capable of effectively removing oil stains from wastewater, but also be able to deal with pollutants such as heavy metal ions and microorganisms. Given the complexity and variability of real environments, the long-term stability of superwetting materials remains suboptimal, which constrains their widespread implementation in this field. To address and tackle these challenges, contemporary research focuses on developing cost-effective and energy-efficient oil-water separation material systems.
This is achieved through the advancement of environmentally benign biomimetic micro-structures surface, such as superhydrophilic systems inspired by shark skin and superhydrophobic structures inspired by rose petals, while integrating innovative improvements in various material interface/surface modification technologies, including laser-induced paper modification. These innovations aim to establish superwetting materials as future-oriented materials with comprehensive, stable performance characteristics and enhanced oil-water separation efficiency. Although superwetting materials have many outstanding properties, they still face limitations such as insufficient long-term stability in practical applications. Currently, people are addressing this challenge by improving related interface modification techniques. Novel superwetting materials represent a highly promising class of advanced materials for future environmental applications.
In conclusion, new superwetting materials will be the most promising environmental-friendly materials in the future. The application work of coupling multiple wetting characteristic materials still needs to be further explored and studied in depth.

导出引用

武天豪, 王玉华, 屈婷, 郑贤敏, 张海龙. 超润湿材料的研究进展及在油水分离中的应用[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(4): 138-159

WU Tianhao, WANG Yuhua, QU Ting, ZHENG Xianmin, ZHANG Hailong. Research Progress of Superwetting Materials and Their Application in Oil-water Separation[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(4): 138-159

中图分类号： TB34

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