激光纹理与电沉积抗菌涂层协同提升钛植体性能

杨成娟; 杜腾龙; 郭珂昕; 陈萧宇; 耿红娟; 尼娜; 田延岭; 杨振

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.02.019

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2) : 254-265. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.02.019

功能表面及技术

激光纹理与电沉积抗菌涂层协同提升钛植体性能

杨成娟¹, 杜腾龙¹, 郭珂昕², 陈萧宇³, 耿红娟⁴, 尼娜⁴, 田延岭⁵, 杨振^1,*

作者信息 +

Synergistic Enhancement of Titanium Implant Performance via Laser Texturing and Electrodeposited Antibacterial Coating

YANG Chengjuan¹, DU Tenglong¹, GUO Kexin², CHEN Xiaoyu³, GENG Hongjuan⁴, NI Na⁴, TIAN Yanling⁵, YANG Zhen^1,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的解决钛及其合金在口腔种植体应用中存在的抗菌性能不足及骨整合失败问题。方法提出一种协同表面工程策略,将飞秒激光制备的微纳结构与壳聚糖/明胶/米诺环素（CS/GT/Mino）复合电沉积涂层相结合,实现抗菌与促骨整合功能的统一。飞秒激光在钛表面构建了约25 μm宽的沟槽和500 nm周期的激光诱导周期性表面结构（LIPSS）,形成多尺度的机械嵌锁界面,同时H₂O₂的引入有效抑制了电沉积过程中气体析出,保证了涂层的均匀性和完整性。结果实验结果表明,激光纹理化表面显著增强了涂层的界面结合强度,剪切强度由抛光表面的5.7 MPa提升至33.9 MPa,增强近6倍。此外,涂层对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均表现出明显的早期抑菌活性,且多层次的表面形貌延长了药物释放路径,实现了米诺环素的可控缓释。荧光染色和细胞形貌分析显示,激光诱导的各向异性结构能够引导成骨细胞（MC3T3-E1）有序排列与展伸,促进其骨向分化。结论该研究提出了一种将机械稳定性与生物功能性协同集成的新型涂层构建策略,为实现抗感染、促骨整合的多功能口腔种植体表面提供了理论支持和实践路径。

Abstract

The work aims to present an integrated surface-engineering strategy that simultaneously maximizes interfacial mechanical stability and biofunctionality of titanium (Ti) implants by coupling femtosecond laser texturing with electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of chitosan/gelatin/minocycline (CS/GT/Mino) coatings. The innovations are twofold: (i) a hierarchical mechanical interlock produced by microgrooves (~25 μm wide, ~5 μm deep, 50 μm pitch) and subwavelength LIPSS (~500 nm), and (ii) gas-evolution management in EPD with 0.5% v/v H₂O₂ to suppress cathodic hydrogen evolution, eliminating porosity and interfacial voids. This co-design converts a typically weak polymer/metal interface into a defect-lean, high-strength junction while preserving drug activity and controlled release.
Laser processing (1 064 nm, 300 fs, 1 W, 300 kHz; scanning 250/1 000 mm/s; spot 20/40 μm; two passes; linear polarization) yielded uniform hierarchical textures that darkened Ti surfaces due to morphology/oxide changes. XPS survey and high-resolution spectra indicated TiO₂ (Ti⁴⁺ at 458.6/464.3 eV) with limited chemical alteration versus polished Ti, implicating topography—not chemistry—as the dominant driver of cell responses. CLSM confirmed groove geometry. Laser-induced superhydrophilicity transitioned to hydrophobicity after EPD drying, consistent with surface enrichment of hydrophobic Mino moieties.
At pH 4, Zeta measurements showed positively charged species (CS (11.8 ± 1.11) mV; CS/GT/Mino (28.7 ± 2.69) mV) and 3-6 μm microspheres, promoting cathodic migration. FTIR resolved CS (1 159, 1 030, 1 599 cm^-1), GT (amide Ⅰ 1 633 cm^-1; amide Ⅱ 1 544 cm^-1), and Mino (1 651, 1 604, 1 524 cm^-1). Coatings exhibited diagnostic amide I shifts: red-shift to 1 631 cm^-1 (M0.5) evidencing CS-GT hydrogen/ionic bonding and blue-shift to 1 641 cm^-1 (M5) suggesting weaker Mino-matrix hydrogen bonding at higher loading. Mino fingerprints (800-900 cm^-1) confirmed drug encapsulation. These spectra supported a dual retention mechanism—network entrapment plus weak intermolecular bonding—governing release.
Single-lap shear testing demonstrated a decisive mechanical advance: interfacial shear strength increased from 5.7 MPa (polished) to 33.9 MPa on laser-textured Ti (≈6×). The improvement stemed from increased effective contact area with undercuts, superwetting-assisted sol infiltration before drying, and H₂O₂ suppression of hydrogen porosity that otherwise seeded debonding. Higher drug loading (M5) further elevated adhesion, consistent with GT crosslink-enhanced cohesion and more ordered packing. The achieved strength exceeded typical polymer EPD coatings under comparable metrics.
Drug-release quantification (UV-Vis at 244 nm) showed total Mino loading ~300 μg for M0.5 on both substrates. Both released >50% within 4 h. Polished samples almost completed release by day 1, whereas textured substrates sustained release up to 7 days, attributable to increased tortuosity and microreservoir effects within grooves. Since early kinetics were matrix-degradation dominated and texture imparted moderate delay here, a stronger effect was expected with slower-degrading matrices where diffusion controlled.
Agar-zone antibacterial assays confirmed dose-dependent inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for M0.5/M5, with larger zones for M5. Laser texture alone showed no ZOI, indicating a division of labor between topology for interlocking/bioguidance and pharmacological killing. Cytocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 remained high. M0.5 displayed negligible cytotoxicity, and M5 showed mild activity suppression within acceptable ranges, partly mitigated by GT's adhesion-promoting motifs.
Fluorescence imaging (days 1 and 7) revealed dual guidance by grooves and LIPSS: increased cell area, aspect ratio, and nuclear alignment along the texture axis. This was attributed to focal adhesion enrichment on ridge/edge regions, integrin clustering, and LINC-mediated nucleus-cytoskeleton coupling, linking interfacial mechanics to osteoinductive signaling.
Mechanistic synthesis: femtosecond textures create multiscale mechanical keys and anisotropic guidance; H₂O₂-managed EPD eliminates gas defects for full interlock occupancy; CS/GT/Mino networks immobilize antibiotics via entrapment/weak bonding while hierarchical topography lengthens diffusion paths. The result is a scalable, single-process pipeline delivering high interfacial integrity (33.9 MPa), early potent antibacterial action with extended release on textured substrates, and topography-driven osteogenic cues.

导出引用

杨成娟, 杜腾龙, 郭珂昕, 陈萧宇, 耿红娟, 尼娜, 田延岭, 杨振. 激光纹理与电沉积抗菌涂层协同提升钛植体性能[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(2): 254-265

YANG Chengjuan, DU Tenglong, GUO Kexin, CHEN Xiaoyu, GENG Hongjuan, NI Na, TIAN Yanling, YANG Zhen. Synergistic Enhancement of Titanium Implant Performance via Laser Texturing and Electrodeposited Antibacterial Coating[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(2): 254-265

中图分类号： TG178

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