目的 以等离子增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）方法制备类液纳米涂层并研究其在光滑与粗糙表面的疏液性能与抗结冰性能。方法 采用PECVD技术,以环状硅氧烷（四甲基环四硅氧烷,TMCTS）和线性硅氧烷（六甲基二硅氧烷,HMDSO）为前驱体,分别制备表面光滑的等离子聚合HMDSO（H）涂层、表面粗糙的等离子聚合TMCTS（T）涂层和复合TMCTS/HMDSO（T/H）涂层。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和接触角测试仪对涂层的成分结构、形貌及润湿性进行表征。通过结冰延迟时间和冰黏附强度测试评估涂层的抗结冰性能。通过高温浸煮、酸碱腐蚀、紫外加速老化、膜基结合力和磨损测试评估涂层的耐久性。结果 PECVD制备的复合T/H涂层展现出优于光滑H涂层和粗糙T涂层的疏液性和抗结冰性能。依靠纳米粗糙复合结构与低表面能特性协同作用,其静态水接触角达到151°,滑动角低至2°。在-15 ℃测试条件下,复合T/H涂层将水滴的结冰起始时间延迟至240 s（较未处理表面提升14倍）,完全冻结时间延长至600 s（提升10倍）。同时,该涂层的冰黏附强度仅为23.4 kPa,较未处理表面（217.5 kPa）降低89%。在热稳定性、抗紫外性、耐溶剂性、膜基结合力和耐磨性测试中,复合T/H涂层均表现出色的稳定性。结论 通过PECVD技术制备的复合T/H涂层具有优良的疏液与抗结冰性能,有望为电力系统关键设备如绝缘子等表面的防覆冰难题提供新的解决方案。
Abstract
The persistent challenge of ice accretion on critical infrastructure, particularly in outdoor electrical systems like insulators, necessitates the development of robust, passive anti-icing solutions. The work aims to investigate the fabrication and performance of liquid-like nanocoatings designed to address this issue. Through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), coatings were synthesized from two distinct siloxane precursors: a cyclic siloxane (tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, TMCTS) and a linear siloxane (hexamethyldisiloxane, HMDSO). The synergistic effects of surface chemistry and morphology on liquid repellency, especially the anti-icing performance, were systematically evaluated. Three distinct coatings were engineered: smooth coatings derived solely from HMDSO (denoted H), nano-structured coatings derived solely from TMCTS (denoted T), and composite coatings fabricated via a sequential two-step PECVD process employing both precursors (denoted T/H). This composite approach aimed to leverage the low surface energy conferred by HMDSO-derived groups and the nanostructure-forming capability of TMCTS.
Comprehensive characterizations were performed to investigate the fundamental properties of these coatings. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the expected Si—O—Si network structure and the presence of hydrophobic methyl (—CH3) groups, with only subtle compositional differences observed between the T and T/H coatings. Surface morphology was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealing the inherently smooth nature of the H coating, the nanoscale roughness of the T coating and the composite T/H coating. Wettability assessment via static water contact angle (WCA) and water sliding angle (WSA) measurements demonstrated that the composite T/H coating exhibited superior hydrophobicity, achieving a WCA of 151° and an exceptionally low SA of 2°, indicative of a robust Cassie-Baxter state. This performance significantly surpassed the H and T coatings individually, highlighting the critical synergy between surface nanostructure and low surface energy chemistry.
The anti-icing efficacy was evaluated by measuring the freezing delay time for initial ice nucleation and the time for complete freezing of a sessile water droplet, alongside quantitative measurement of ice adhesion strength with a shear force measuring apparatus. The composite T/H coating demonstrated outstanding performance: it delayed the onset of ice nucleation to 240 seconds (representing a 14-fold increase compared to the pristine substrate) and prevented complete freezing for 600 seconds (a 10-fold increase compared to the pristine substrate). Furthermore, it exhibited remarkably low ice adhesion strength, measured at just 23.4 kPa, representing an 89% reduction compared to the untreated substrate's adhesion strength of 217.5 kPa. Both H and T coatings showed inferior anti-icing properties, underscoring the advantage of the composite coating design.
The durability and environmental stability of the T/H composite coating were evaluated by a set of tests, including prolonged immersion in high-temperature water, exposure to concentrated acid (HCl) and base (NaOH) solutions, accelerated UV aging, and mechanical abrasion resistance tests. Results confirmed the coating's excellent stability, with minimal degradation in hydrophobicity or anti-icing performance observed after these tests, indicating strong chemical resistance and mechanical robustness.
In conclusion, a composite T/H nanocoating is successfully fabricated by the two-step PECVD process that synergistically integrates nanoscale topography and low surface energy chemistry. This coating exhibits superhydrophobicity, outstanding anti-icing performance, and compelling durability against thermal, chemical, UV, and mechanical stresses. These attributes suggest the developed T/H composite coating as a promising, practical solution for mitigating hazardous ice accretion on critical components within outdoor power transmission and distribution systems, such as insulators, with potential applicability extending to other sectors like aerospace and wind energy.
关键词
抗结冰 /
类液涂层 /
超疏水表面 /
等离子增强化学气相沉积 /
纳米结构 /
绝缘子
Key words
anti-icing /
liquid-like coatings /
superhydrophobic surface /
plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition /
nanostructure /
insulator
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基金
国网双创孵化培育资金项目（B711JZ24000J）
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