目的 应对结冰现象带来的挑战,开发新型高效、节能、环保的防覆冰/除冰表面技术。方法 制备了TiO2/HWCNTs光热超疏水复合涂层,其具备优异化学和机械稳定性并用于表面防覆冰/除冰。采用扫描电子显微镜与激光共聚焦显微镜观察涂层表面微观形貌。同时,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表面化学组成的变化,并通过接触角测量评估其润湿性能的改变。通过系统研究涂层的润湿性、光热转换效率和防覆冰/除冰性能等关键指标,最终确定了TiO2/HWCNTs的最佳质量配比。在此基础上,对该最优配比涂层的综合性能进行了全面表征,重点考察了其光热转换特性、防覆冰/除冰效果、防污能力、自清洁性能等关键功能特性。结果 当TiO2/HWCNTs的配比（质量比）为1∶1时,涂层表面的超疏水性最优,接触角高达157°。涂层具备优异的光热转换效率,照射200 s涂层表面温度升至79.9 ℃（一个太阳光强度下）;所制备涂层的结冰时间为1 135 s,相较于基板延长了19.57倍,而光热除冰时间为42 s,比基板缩短了316 s,表现出显著的表面防覆冰和光热除冰能力。同时,该涂层表面还展现出优异的防污与自清洁性能。结论 通过构建TiO2/HWCNTs光热超疏水复合涂层体系,为解决极端环境下材料的防覆冰与高效除冰难题提供了创新性解决方案。该研究不仅从材料成分优化和微纳结构调控的角度,揭示了光热转换与超疏水性能的协同作用机制,更为开发兼具长效稳定性与环境适应性的多功能防覆冰涂层开辟了新途径。研究结果为突破传统防覆冰/除冰技术能耗高、效率低的瓶颈提供了重要的理论支撑和技术参考,对推动航空航天、极地装备等领域的防冰技术发展具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
Abstract
To effectively mitigate the hazards associated with ice accretion on critical infrastructure and equipment, the work aims to present the development of innovative surface technologies tailored for anti-icing and de-icing applications. These technologies are designed to be highly efficient, energy-conserving, and environmentally sustainable. Central to this effort is the fabrication of a robust photothermal superhydrophobic composite coating based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and helical multi-walled carbon nanotubes (HWCNTs). This composite material exhibits exceptional chemical inertness and mechanical durability, making it particularly suitable for demanding surface applications where long-term stability is paramount.
The development process involved a systematic investigation to determine the optimal mass ratio of TiO2 to HWCNTs. Key performance metrics, including surface wettability, photothermal conversion capability, and anti-icing/de-icing efficiency, were thoroughly evaluated to guide this optimization. The results demonstrated that a TiO2/HWCNTs mass ratio of 1∶1 yielded the most favorable characteristics. At this optimal composition, the coating displayed superior superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle reaching 157°, which facilitated the easy roll-off of water droplets and minimized ice adhesion.
A critical feature of this optimized coating was its outstanding photothermal performance. Under simulated solar irradiation equivalent to one sun (1 kW/m2), the surface temperature exhibited a rapid and substantial increase, soaring to 79.9 ℃ within a mere 200 s. This efficient conversion of light energy into heat was a cornerstone of the coating's de-icing function. The anti-icing performance was quantitatively assessed by measuring the ice delay time. Remarkably, the coating prolonged the onset of ice formation by a factor of 19.57 compared to an uncoated, bare substrate. Furthermore, in de-icing tests, the time required to melt and shed an accumulated ice layer was drastically reduced from 358 s on the bare substrate to just 42 s on the coated surface. This represented a significant enhancement in both preventing ice formation and facilitating its rapid removal. Beyond its primary anti-icing and de-icing functions, the composite coating also exhibited excellent multifunctional properties. Its inherent superhydrophobicity endowed it with notable antifouling and self-cleaning capabilities. Contaminants and dust particles were easily washed away by water droplets rolling across the surface, maintaining cleanliness and operational integrity with minimal maintenance.
In summary, an innovative TiO2/HWCNTs-based photothermal superhydrophobic coating system is successfully presented. It offers a highly promising solution for efficient anti-icing and de-icing, even under extreme environmental conditions. By meticulously optimizing the material composition and the associated micro/nanoscale surface structure, this work elucidates the synergistic mechanism between efficient photothermal conversion and superhydrophobicity. The findings provide a novel and strategic approach to designing durable, multifunctional anti-icing coatings that can adapt to various environments. This strategy effectively overcomes the limitations inherent in conventional de-icing techniques, which often relies on high energy consumption, chemical sprays, or mechanical labor. Consequently, crucial theoretical understanding and technical foundations are established for advancing the next generation of anti-icing technologies. Its implications are significant for a wide range of fields, including aerospace vehicles, wind turbines, power transmission lines, polar exploration equipment, and offshore platforms, promising enhanced safety, reduced operational costs, and minimized environmental impact.
关键词
超疏水表面 /
光热材料 /
防覆冰涂层 /
主动除冰 /
防污 /
自清洁材料
Key words
superhydrophobic surfaces /
photothermal materials /
anti-icing coatings /
active de-icing /
antifouling /
self-cleaning materials
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目（52074161）; 泰山学者工程专项经费（tsqn202211177）; 山东省自然科学基金面上项目（ZR2021ME063）
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