目的 针对传统防冰涂层成本高、工艺复杂的问题,设计了一种兼具被动防冰与主动除冰且制备相对简单的光热超疏水防冰涂层。方法 通过羧基化多壁碳纳米管（h-MWCNT）与全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷（FDTS）的疏水改性反应,制备了微米级团簇（CMPs）,并协同碳化硅颗粒（SiCp）构建微纳多级结构,采用一步喷涂法在铝基板上形成涂层。结果 研究了不同SiCp/CMPs配比对涂层润湿性、延迟结冰性能、冰黏附强度及光热响应能力的影响。结果表明,当SiCp/CMPs质量比为1∶2时,涂层展现出最优综合性能,接触角达158°,滚动角低至4.1°;延迟结冰时间达634 s,较未处理铝基板（96 s）提升5.6倍;冰黏附强度仅为38.3 kPa。CMPs堆叠形成的山峰状多孔结构可有效俘获空气层,显著降低液滴与基底的接触面积,从而延缓结冰并削弱机械互锁效应。此外,涂层表现出优异的光热性能,在1个太阳光强下240 s内温度从25 ℃升至75 ℃,并能在23 s内融化冰层,归因于CMPs的宽光谱吸收特性及粗糙表面的光散射增强效应。结论 该涂层通过微纳米多级结构与光热功能协同,实现了被动防冰与主动除冰相结合的双重除冰机制,且制备工艺简单,在电力传输线缆、铁路接触网等长距离运输设施的防冰领域具有重要应用潜力。
Abstract
The work aims to develop a high-performance photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating featuring a composite microstructure of silicon carbide particles (SiCp) and clusterized microparticles (CMPs) made from multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The primary innovation is the dual-mode anti-icing strategy that effectively combines passive prevention with active removal, achieved via a simple and scalable one-step spray coating method. The fabrication process began with the hydrophobic modification of carboxylated MWCNTs with 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FDTS). This critical step, confirmed by FTIR with the appearance of characteristic ester (C==O) and C-F peaks, induced the self-assembly of individual nanotubes into micro-sized CMPs. The coating suspension was prepared by dispersing specific mass ratios of SiCp to CMPs (3 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3) in ethyl acetate, followed by incorporating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and epoxy resin (EP) as dual binders before spraying onto aluminum substrates.
Extensive characterization revealed that the SiCp/CMPs mass ratio of 1 : 2 yielded optimal performance. SEM showed that this specific formulation created an ideal micro-nano hierarchical structure where CMPs formed interconnected, mountain-like assemblies with numerous micropores, while SiCp contributed to the overall roughness. This unique architecture enabled superior superhydrophobicity, achieving a water contact angle of 158° and an extremely low rolling angle of 4.1°, facilitated by a stable Cassie-Baxter state with substantial air entrapment. The passive anti-icing performance was remarkably enhanced. The optimal coating delayed ice formation for 634 seconds at -15 ℃, representing a 5.6-fold improvement over untreated aluminum (96 s). This significant delay was attributed to the excellent thermal insulation provided by the trapped air within the microstructures. Furthermore, the coating demonstrated ultra-low ice adhesion strength of merely 38.3 kPa, compared to 196.5 kPa for bare aluminum. The reduction mechanism involved both the minimized solid-liquid contact area preventing mechanical interlocking and the mountain-like structures promoting stress concentration and micro-crack propagation at the ice-coating interface during detachment. For active de-icing, the coating exhibited outstanding photothermal performance under 1 sun illumination (1 kW/m2). The surface temperature of the SiCp/CMPs 1 : 2 coating rapidly increased from 25 ℃ to 75 ℃ within 240 seconds, capable of melting an ice layer in approximately 23 seconds. This efficient photothermal conversion stemmed from the intrinsic broad-spectrum absorption of CMPs combined with enhanced light scattering and trapping within the rough surface topography. The study successfully balanced both anti-icing mechanisms, as the optimal formulation provided substantial photothermal response while maintaining the crucial microstructural features necessary for exceptional passive performance.
This work demonstrates a practical and efficient solution for ice protection that integrates passive anti-icing through carefully engineered surface topography with active photothermal de-icing functionality. The facile fabrication process, combined with the use of cost-effective materials and the demonstrated dual-mode protective capability, makes this coating highly promising for practical applications in preventing ice accretion on critical infrastructure such as power transmission lines, wind turbines, and aircraft surfaces.
关键词
超疏水涂层 /
微纳结构 /
光热除冰 /
延迟结冰 /
低冰黏附强度
Key words
superhydrophobic coating /
micro-nano structure /
photothermal de-icing /
ice-delaying /
low ice adhesion strength
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基金
光纤光缆先进制造与应用技术全国重点实验室（长飞公司）开放课题（SKLD2208）
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