目的 研究NiAlHfY涂层的高温抗氧化性能及其微观结构演变机理。方法 用电弧离子镀（AIP）技术在镍基单晶高温合金上沉积NiAlHf/Y涂层,将沉积后的样品在900 ℃、5×10-2 Pa的压力下退火4 h,然后在1 150 ℃下进行200 h的恒温氧化实验。通过X射线衍射和装配有能量色散光谱的扫描电子显微镜对样品微观结构和组成进行分析。结果 在氧化初期,NiAlHf涂层表面出现大量放射性裂纹,而NiAlHfY涂层则形成更为连续、平整的Al2O3层,这一差异与Hf、Y共掺能延缓θ-Al2O3转变为α-Al2O3从而减小氧化层中的应力有关。不同于NiAlHf涂层中HfO2主要在氧化层/涂层界面和涂层中分布,NiAlHfY涂层的HfO2主要在氧化层偏析,并沿Al2O3晶界分布,而Y则均匀分布在氧化层中,且在涂层/基底界面处的互扩散区观察到Y的偏析。氧化动力学曲线分析表明,两种涂层的氧化增重变化曲线在氧化时间小于75 h时近似符合抛物线规律,在大于75 h后符合直线规律,且在氧化层中存在由Al2O3、NiAl2O4和NiO等混合氧化物构成的多层结构并含有较多难熔元素氧化物。此外,NiAlHfY涂层中β-NiAl相消耗速率比NiAlHf涂层慢,且氧化200 h后NiAlHfY涂层的氧化增重较NiAlHf涂层更低。结论 在NiAlHf涂层掺杂Y能进一步降低氧化层的生长速率,提高涂层的附着力,具有更为优异的抗氧化性能,可以为未来高温防护涂层体系进一步发展和工业化应用提供一定的参考。
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that NiAl high-temperature protective coatings have the capacity to enhance the surface temperature tolerance of materials utilized in the hot-section components of aero-engines to a considerable extent. Among these, Hf-modified NiAl coatings have been shown to enhance oxidation resistance and extend the service life of the coatings. Nevertheless, the enhancement of oxidation resistance achieved through the doping of a single rare earth element remains constrained. The present study investigated the influence of Y doping on the microstructural evolution and oxidation resistance of NiAlHf coatings at 1 150 ℃. The NiAlHf/Y coatings were deposited on cylindrical nickel-based single-crystal superalloy samples with a diameter of 16 mm and thickness of 2 mm using the arc ion plating (AIP) technique. The as-deposited samples were then subject to isothermal annealing at 900 ℃ and 5×10-2 Pa for a duration of 4 h. This was followed by isothermal oxidation experiments at 1 150 ℃ for 200 h. The phase composition of the oxide layers was analyzed by XRD, while the surface and cross-sectional morphologies and elemental distribution of the coatings were systematically characterized with a SEM equipped with an EDS. The results showed that, in the early stages of oxidation, a large number of radioactive cracks appear on the surface of the NiAlHf coating. In contrast, the NiAlHfY coating formed a more continuous, flat Al2O3 layer. This difference was due to the fact that Hf and Y co-doping could slow down the transformation of θ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3, thereby reducing stresses in the oxidized layer. In NiAlHf coatings, HfO2 was primarily found at the oxide/coating interface and within the coating. In contrast, in NiAlHfY coatings, HfO2 was predominantly present in the oxide layer and distributed along the Al2O3 grain boundaries. Meanwhile, Y was uniformly distributed within the oxide layer, with Y bias observed in the interdiffusion zone at the coating/substrate interface. Analysis of the oxidation dynamic curve showed that the oxidation weight gain of the two coatings followed a parabolic trend when the oxidation duration was less than 75 h and a linear trend when it was greater than 75 h. It also revealed the presence of a multilayered structure consisting of mixed oxides, such as Al2O3, NiAl2O4 and NiO, with a higher concentration of refractory elemental oxides in the oxidized layer. Furthermore, the NiAlHf coating exhibited an average oxidation rate of 0.122 34 g/(m2·h) at 1 150 ℃ for 200 h, while the NiAlHfY coating showed a lower rate of 0.113 88 g/(m2·h). Moreover, the β-NiAl phase consumption was found to be slower in the NiAlHfY coating, thus demonstrating its superior protective capability for the substrate. In conclusion, the presence of Y in NiAlHf coating has a further reducing effect on the growth rate of the oxide layer. In addition, the adhesion of the coating is improved, and the antioxidant properties are made more effective. These findings provide a solid foundation for the further development and industrial application of the future high-temperature protective coating system.
关键词
NiAlHf涂层 /
NiAlHfY涂层 /
活性元素掺杂 /
微观结构演变 /
高温抗氧化性能
Key words
NiAlHf coating /
NiAlHfY coating /
reactive element doping /
microstructural evolution /
high-temperature oxidation resistance
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