目的 研究变电站支柱绝缘子表面污秽积累规律以及脱附特性,为变电站支柱绝缘子清扫方式与机构设计提供理论指导。方法 以ZS-35/4支柱型绝缘子为样本,通过将流场仿真与物质点结构力学相结合的方法,计算了不同运行条件下的污秽颗粒黏附与脱附特性,并提出基于污秽黏附率和脱附率量化的绝缘子表面积污与清扫效果仿真模型,最终通过实验验证了模型的准确性。结果 随着绝缘子表面水膜面积增加,迎风区污秽黏附率增加显著,平均增长46.6%,背风区和侧风区污秽黏附率增长较为缓慢。当采用毛刷摩擦作为脱附手段时,干燥污秽最易脱附（脱附率99.6%）,湿润污秽其次（脱附率70.4%）,固结污秽最难脱附（脱附率9.6%）。当采用毛刷摩擦和水流冲洗结合的脱附方式时,水流通过毛刷摩擦形成的微孔逐步渗入固结污秽,将固结污秽转变为湿润污秽,同时水流冲洗增加脱附力。因此,固结污秽脱附率达到93.4%,比单独毛刷清扫增加83.8%,具有较好的脱附效果。结论 随着环境湿度增加,迎风区污秽黏附率增加比背风区和侧风区污秽黏附率增长更为快速。采用毛刷摩擦作为脱附手段时,干燥污秽脱附率大于湿润污秽,湿润污秽脱附率大于固结污秽。采用毛刷摩擦和水流冲洗结合的脱附方式清理固结污秽比单独摩擦或冲洗的脱附效果好。
Abstract
The surface cleanliness of insulators has a significant impact on their insulating performance. In a humid environment, the accumulation of pollutants on the surfaces of substation insulators significantly increases the probability of pollution flashovers, which endangers the safe operation of the power grid. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the pollutant adhesion and desorption characteristics of insulators in different operating environments to guide the selection of the insulator cleaning method and cleaning mechanism design. A model ZS-35/4 pillar insulator was selected for the investigation. The adhesion and desorption characteristics of pollutant particles under different operating conditions were calculated with a combined methodology of flow field simulation and material point dynamics. Quantitative metrics, including pollutant adhesion rate and desorption rate, were proposed to evaluate surface pollutant accumulation and cleaning effectiveness. Experiments were also carried out to verify the simulation model. The insulator surface was divided into a windward area, two lateral areas, and a leeward area based on the airflow direction. The windward area directly blocked the air flow with a wind speed of 0.75 m/s. The air flow blocked by the windward area converged into the lateral area, with the highest wind speed of 1.16 m/s. The leeward area had the lowest flow velocity of 0.24 m/s. In addition to the wind speed, the water film on the surface of the insulators increased the collision kinetic energy loss of the pollutant particles, which had an important effect on the pollutant accumulation characteristics. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that as the water film area on the insulator surface increased (0%, 50%, 100%), the adhesion rate of the windward area exhibited a significant increment of 46.6% on average, while the adhesion rates of the leeward and lateral areas had lower increment rates. The pollutant adhesion rate of the lateral area increased from 1.67% to 9.95%, while the adhesion rate of the leeward area remained below 1%. The desorption process was investigated with dry, moist, and consolidated pollutants. Dry and moist pollutants formed in low and high-humidity environments, respectively, while consolidated pollutant was the formation of the moist pollutant after drying. In addition, consolidated pollutants were converted to moist pollutants by water flushing. The dry pollutant was composed of loose particles with a low inter-particle van der Waals force and no capillary force. The moist pollutant was a mixture of particles and moisture with a low van der Waals force and a high capillary force. The consolidated pollutant had no capillary force but a significantly high Van der Waals force because of the close combination of the pollutant particles. When brushing was used as one of the pollutant desorption methods, after brushing for 5 s, the dry pollutant demonstrated the highest pollutant desorption rate (99.6%), followed by moist pollutants (70.4%), with consolidated pollutants being the most resistant to be removed (9.6%). The combined desorption method of brushing and water flushing proves to be a more effective way of cleaning consolidated pollutants because the pollutant desorption rate increased from 9.6% to 93.4%. Its dual mechanisms are explained as follows: water gradually infiltrated consolidated pollutants via micro-pores formed by brush friction. It transforms them into a removable moist state, while hydraulic wash simultaneously enhances detachment forces. The combined desorption method represents an 83.8% improvement over the standalone desorption method of brushing, providing theoretical guidance for the design of pillar insulator cleaning methods.
关键词
支柱绝缘子 /
表面湿度 /
典型污秽 /
黏附特性 /
脱附特性 /
绝缘子清扫
Key words
pillar insulator /
surface moisture /
typical pollutant /
adhesion characteristics /
desorption characteristics /
insulator cleaning
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基金
国网江苏省电力有限公司科技项目（J2024039）
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