目的 氨燃料作为零碳燃料,是航运业绿色转型最具应用前景的替代燃料,但是存在加速船用发动机关重部件腐蚀的风险,需要开展耐氨损伤表面处理技术的研究,提高关重部件材料的耐蚀性能。方法 采用高温高压反应釜进行发动机活塞部件在氨燃料燃烧产物服役工况的环境模拟试验,开展活塞用调质态16CrMo合金钢耐氨腐蚀表面渗氮处理技术研究。采用气体渗氮和复合盐浴渗氮QPQ（Quench-Polish- Quench）处理技术,研究渗层结构及其在氨燃料燃烧产物环境中的腐蚀行为。结果 气体渗氮和复合盐浴渗氮QPQ处理技术的化合物层硬度相当,扩散层厚度基本相同。气体渗氮的化合物层只有铁氮化合物,即e-Fe2-3N和g′-Fe4N,其渗氮处理的16CrMo合金钢的腐蚀速率为0.022 0 mm/a,耐蚀性能较合金基体提高13.39%。复合盐浴渗氮QPQ处理技术的渗氮层为复合层,由铁氮化合物、碳化物和Fe3O4组成,其渗氮处理的16CrMo合金钢的腐蚀速率为0.016 5 mm/a,耐蚀性能较合金基体提高42.32%。结论 复合盐浴渗氮QPQ处理的渗层耐腐蚀性能显著优于气体渗氮处理,这主要归因于其表面形成的由铁氮化合物、碳化物和Fe3O4构成的致密复合层。
Abstract
Energy and environmental issues have become critical factors shaping contemporary economic and social development. In response to the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from shipping and China's national goals of carbon neutrality, the development of low-carbon and zero-carbon energy sources has become essential for the future maritime industry. Compared with conventional fossil fuels such as diesel, ammonia fuel demonstrates a distinct advantage as a carbon-neutral energy carrier due to its inherent carbon-free molecular structure. When subject to complete combustion processes, the resultant products are exclusively dihydrogen monoxide and nitrogen gas (N2), thereby achieving zero emission of carbon-containing pollutants. This combustion characteristic positions ammonia as a particularly promising alternative fuel for maritime applications, aligning with stringent environmental regulations and sustainable development objectives.
The paper addresses the corrosion risks associated with ammonia fuel, a promising zero-carbon alternative for the shipping industry, which can accelerate the degradation of critical engine components. To mitigate this issue, the paper focuses on developing ammonia-resistant surface treatment technologies to enhance the corrosion resistance of materials used in key components of marine engines. Environment simulation experiments of engine piston components under service conditions in ammonia fuel combustion products are conducted using a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave. Surface nitriding treatments are studied for tempered 16CrMo steel used in pistons to improve its resistance to ammonia corrosion. Gas nitriding and composite salt bath nitriding with QPQ (Quench-Polish-Quench) treatment techniques are applied to investigate the nitrided layer structures and their corrosion behavior in an ammonia fuel combustion environment.
Both gas nitriding and composite salt bath nitriding with QPQ treatment produced compound layers with comparable hardness and diffusion layer thickness. The nitriding layer formed by gas nitriding consists exclusively of iron nitrides (e-Fe2-3N and g′-Fe4N), achieving a corrosion rate of 0.0220 mm/a in the ammonia fuel combustion environment, which represents a 13.39% improvement in corrosion resistance compared with the alloy substrate. In contrast, the composite nitriding layer formed by composite salt bath nitriding with QPQ treatment, comprising iron nitrides, carbides, and Fe3O4, demonstrates a significantly lower corrosion rate of 0.014 65 mm/a, corresponding to a 42.32% enhancement in corrosion resistance. These findings indicate that the composite salt bath nitriding with QPQ treatment provides superior corrosion resistance, making it a more effective surface treatment method for improving the performance and durability of 16CrMo steel under ammonia fuel combustion conditions.
In conclusion, both gas nitriding and composite salt bath nitriding with QPQ treatment rely primarily on the diffusion of nitrogen atoms into the substrate and their combination with iron. However, the latter achieves a synergistic enhancement of surface hardness and corrosion resistance through a "nitriding-carbonitriding + oxidation" process. Notably, under harsh conditions involving high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive environments, the multilayer composite structure formed by QPQ treatment significantly inhibits the penetration of oxidative media, thereby demonstrating superior corrosion resistance and economic efficiency. This process holds substantial engineering value for the application of 16CrMo alloy steel in future high-temperature combustion or corrosive environments and offers a feasible direction for further optimization of salt bath compositions and process parameters.
关键词
16CrMo合金钢 /
氨燃料 /
气体氮化 /
QPQ复合盐浴氮化 /
高温高压腐蚀
Key words
16CrMo alloy steel /
ammonia fuel /
gas nitriding /
composite salt bath nitriding with QPQ treatment /
high- temperature and high-pressure corrosion
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