目的 提高复杂动载荷环境下低碳钢的耐磨性能。方法 采用高速空气燃料喷涂（HVAF）工艺,在Q235低碳钢表面制备一种 AlCrFe2Ni2(MoNb)0.2高熵合金涂层。利用XRD、SEM、TEM等表征手段对涂层的微观结构进行表征。通过维氏硬度和室温干滑动直线往复式摩擦磨损测试方式对涂层的力学性能进行表征。结果 采用HVAF技术制备的高熵合金涂层的厚度约为320 μm,孔隙率约为0.706%。涂层主要由BCC基体相、纳米尺度的B2有序相和具有HCP结构的网状Laves相组成。基于HVAF工艺产生的剧烈塑性变形和高温的协同作用,在涂层中观察到大量位错和因发生动态再结晶形成的细小晶粒。AlCrFe2Ni2(MoNb)0.2高熵合金涂层和Q235基材的显微硬度分别为764HV0.05和155HV0.05。摩擦磨损测试结果表明,Q235钢和涂层的摩擦因数分别为0.68、0.49。涂层的磨损率为3.12×10-5 mm3/(N·m),约为基材的41.1%。Q235基材的主要磨损机制为黏着磨损,涂层的主要磨损机制为疲劳磨损。高硬度的高熵合金涂层提高了基材表面抵抗塑性变形的能力,减小了发生黏着磨损的倾向。结论 利用HVAF技术制备的AlCrFe2Ni2(MoNb)0.2高熵合金涂层,显著提升了Q235钢的硬度和耐磨性能。该研究可为金属材料的表面防护领域提供有效的研究思路和调控策略。
Abstract
Mild steel is one significant engineering material which has been widely applied in architecture, manufacturing, aerospace and petrochemical industries, because of excellent processability and low cost. However, due to the low hardness of mild steel, serious wear problems often occur when it is used as a material for structural components subject to dynamic loads. To improve the wear resistance of Q235 mild steel in complex loading environments, one AlCrFe2Ni2(MoNb)0.2 high entropy alloy coating was prepared on the surface of Q235 substrate by the high velocity air fuel spraying process (HVAF). XRD, SEM and TEM were combined to finish the microstructure characterization. Vickers hardness and tribological tests were used to characterize the mechanical properties of high entropy alloy coating and Q235 substrate. The surface of the prepared high entropy alloy coating was uniform, with an average roughness of about 7.6 μm. The prepared high entropy alloy coating had a thickness of about 320 μm and a porosity of approximately 0.706%. Due to the low temperature properties of the HVAF technology, the high entropy alloy coating greatly retained the original structure of the high entropy alloy powders. The high entropy alloy coating was mainly composed of BCC matrix, ordered phase B2 and Laves phase with HCP structure. The B2 phase rich in Al and Ni and the BCC phase rich in Fe and Cr were distributed in a "weaving pattern", which was a typical feature of the spinodal decomposition organization. The SEAD results showed superlattice dot pattern. Additionally, the 'skeletal' Laves phase was observed along the grain boundaries distribution. During the HVAF process, the synergistic effect of severe plastic deformation and high temperature resulted in the observation of a significant number of dislocations and refined grains formed by dynamic recrystallization as a result of dynamic recrystallization occurring in the high entropy alloy coating. The micro-hardness of the high entropy alloy coating and Q235 was 764HV0.05 and 155HV0.05, and the coating hardness was about 4.9 times of the Q235 substrate. During the deposition of the coating process, the high entropy alloy powder formed a significant work hardening effect on the surface of the Q235 steel, and the hardness at the interface of the Q235 substrate was about 238HV0.05. Tribological tests indicated that the coefficient of friction of the Q235 substrate and the high entropy alloy coating was 0.68 and 0.49. The wear rate of the high entropy alloy coating was 3.12×10-5 mm3/(N·m), which was about 41.1% of the substrate wear rate. The main wear mechanism of the Q235 substrate was adhesive wear, while fatigue wear was the predominant mechanism for the high entropy alloy coating, accompanied by slight abrasive wear and oxidative wear. The high entropy alloy coatings with high hardness reduced the tendency for adhesive wear to occur by improving the ability of the substrate surface to resist plastic deformation. It effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of the surface of the Q235 substrate. In conclusion, preparing AlCrFe2Ni2(MoNb)0.2 high entropy alloy coating on the surface can significantly improve the wear resistance of Q235 steel. Therefore, this study provides an effective strategy for surface protection of metallic materials.
关键词
HVAF /
高熵合金 /
涂层 /
微观组织 /
磨损性能
Key words
HVAF /
high entropy alloy /
coating /
microstructure /
wear properties
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基金
山东省自然科学基金（ZR2024QE209）; 山东省高校青年科技创新项目（2023KJ145）
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