目的 通过几何参数优化与复合结构设计,开发一种具有稳定减摩性能的新型仿生表面织构。方法 基于多尺度关联分析方法,结合流体力学仿真和销盘摩擦实验,系统研究水滴形织构的深度、长宽比、周向密度对摩擦学行为的影响规律。进一步设计正V型、正弧型等复合织构,通过动压效应、流场和磨损形貌定量分析,揭示水滴形主体与辅助单元的协同作用机制。结果 水滴形织构在深度25 μm、长宽比3∶1、周向密度36 时,摩擦因数达到最小值,相较于无织构表面降低了45.5%;在复合织构中,正V-水滴型因前端导流结构优化了润滑油膜分布,其摩擦因数相较于单一织构进一步降低了12.1%;尽管复合织构仿真垂直压力相较于单一织构降低了31.2%,但其磨屑存储效率和流场优化能力显著提升,实现了动压-摩擦性能解耦优化。结论 通过几何参数的优化,可以改善水滴形织构的动压和减摩性能,且在组合型复合织构流体动压性能较低时,通过优化辅助单元几何结构,可以增强磨屑储存和润滑油导向能力,相较于单一水滴形织构,它展现出更为优异的综合性能。
Abstract
Surface texture is a technology that combines bionics and tribology to improve the tribological properties of parts. This study uses 40Cr as the base material and proposes a symmetrical teardrop-shaped surface micro-texture to systematically explore the regulation mechanism of its geometric parameters (depth, aspect ratio, circumferential density) and composite auxiliary units on tribological behaviors.
First, a unit teardrop-shaped texture fluid domain model is established, and its depth, aspect ratio and circumferential density (unit length) are changed for fluid mechanics simulation. The fluid dynamic pressure performance is analyzed by calculating the oil film pressure and flow field traces in the vertical direction of the upper wall of the model. Afterwards, a picosecond laser is used to prepare a teardrop-shaped surface texture with corresponding geometric parameters on the surface of a treated 40Cr disc sample with a diameter of 32 mm and a depth of 10 mm. A pin-disc friction test was carried out on a 40Cr disc by MVF-2A multifunctional vertical friction and wear testing machine, and the friction coefficient of teardrop-shaped textures with different parameters is obtained through the experiment. The optimal geometric parameters and circumferential density are obtained by combining fluid simulation and friction experiment. After that, the teardrop-shaped texture is combined with V-shaped, arc-shaped and rectangular auxiliary units to obtain a composite teardrop-shaped texture. The lubrication and anti-friction performance is also studied and analyzed.
The geometric parameters of the teardrop-shaped texture have a significant effect on its lubrication and friction reduction performance. The fluid dynamic pressure performance and friction coefficient of the teardrop-shaped texture first increase and then decrease with the increase of depth, and increase with the increase of aspect ratio. In the simulation, the fluid dynamic pressure performance of the teardrop-shaped texture decreases with the increase of circumferential density. When the circumferential density is too large (m=48), the positive and negative pressure zones of the texture and adjacent textures interact, weakening the fluid dynamic pressure performance. In the friction experiment, when the circumferential density is 48, the texture friction coefficient shows unstable fluctuations, which is consistent with the simulation results. Finally, it is concluded that the friction coefficient of the teardrop-shaped texture reaches the minimum value when the depth is 25 μm, the aspect ratio is 3∶1, and the circumferential density is 36, which is 45.5% lower than that of the non-textured surface; the composite teardrop-shaped texture shows poor fluid dynamic pressure performance compared with the single teardrop-shaped texture in the simulation. However, in the friction experiment, the composite texture auxiliary unit provides additional chip storage and oil storage space, and the ZH type and ZV type flow guide structures reduce the friction coefficient by 3.7% and 12.1% respectively compared with the single teardrop-shaped texture, showing better friction reduction performance.
This study confirms that the dynamic pressure and friction reduction performance of the teardrop-shaped texture can be improved by optimizing the geometric parameters. When the combined composite texture has low fluid dynamic pressure performance, the wear debris storage and lubricating oil guiding capabilities are enhanced by optimizing the auxiliary unit geometry, which shows better comprehensive performance than the single drop-shaped texture.
关键词
40Cr /
水滴形 /
几何参数 /
流体动压效应 /
摩擦因数 /
复合织构
Key words
40Cr /
teardrop-shaped /
geometric parameters /
hydrodynamic effect /
coefficient of friction /
composite texture
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基金
福建省自然科学基金面上项目（2024J011200）
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