TC4合金表面Si-B共渗涂层的微观组织结构及摩擦磨损性能

孙泽刚; 孙诗寒; 李轩; 杨远鹏; 蒋杰; 李济; 田进

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.016

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (21) : 226-236. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.016

摩擦磨损与润滑

TC4合金表面Si-B共渗涂层的微观组织结构及摩擦磨损性能

孙泽刚¹, 孙诗寒¹, 李轩^1,*, 杨远鹏¹, 蒋杰², 李济¹, 田进³

作者信息 +

Micro-structure and Wear Behaviour of Si-B Co-diffused Coating Prepared on TC4 Alloy

SUN Zegang¹, SUN Shihan¹, LI Xuan^1,*, YANG Yuanpeng¹, JIANG Jie², LI Ji¹, TIAN Jin³

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的提高TC4合金的摩擦磨损性能。方法采用扩散共渗方法在TC4合金表面制备Si-B共渗涂层。通过球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层分别与调质GCr15球和Al₂O₃陶瓷球对磨时的摩擦学性能,采用显微硬度仪、3D激光共聚焦显微镜分别测试Si-B共渗涂层沿截面的硬度分布、表面粗糙度和磨损形貌轮廓,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合电子探针（EPMA）分析涂层的形貌、成分、相组成及磨损面形貌。结果 TC4合金表面Si-B共渗涂层具有三层梯度结构,且与基体结合紧密,外层由TiSi₂和表层区域的细小TiB₂混合组成,中间层为TiSi相,内层为Ti₅Si₃相。与GCr15对磨60 min后,Si-B共渗涂层的平均摩擦因数约为0.423,明显低于TC4合金（0.643）,且其摩擦因数波动幅度更小;涂层的磨损率约为2.8×10^-5 mm³/(N·m),相较于TC4合金低约71.4%。在与Al₂O₃球对磨60 min后,涂层的平均摩擦因数约为0.771,略高于TC4合金（0.685）,且摩擦因数的波动也更大;涂层的磨损率约为3.6×10^-5 mm³/(N·m),较TC4合金低约1个数量级。结论 Si-B共渗涂层可大幅提高TC4合金的摩擦磨损性能。GCr15为摩擦配副时涂层的磨损机制主要为轻微的组织拔出,Al₂O₃球为摩擦配副时涂层的磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损、犁削磨损和轻微的氧化磨损。

Abstract

The poor wear resistance of TC4 alloy severely limits its application as a connecting component in aerospace, biomedical, and other fields. In order to improve the friction and wear resistance of TC4 alloy, a Si-B co-deposited coating was prepared on the alloy surface using a pack cementation process. The microalloying effect of boron was used to improve the brittleness of the silicide coating and the fluidity of SiO₂ formed on its surface, further enhancing the friction-wear protection performance of the silicide coating. The friction and wear performance of the coating was tested with a ball-on-disc tribometer, where the coating was rubbed against quenched GCr15 steel balls and Al₂O₃ ceramic balls. Microhardness measurements, 3D laser confocal microscopy, and analysis of the hardness distribution, surface roughness, and friction and wear properties along the cross section of the Si-B co-diffusion coating were performed. The morphology, composition, phase composition, and wear track morphology of the coating were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The friction and wear mechanisms of the coating when sliding against the GCr15 steel balls and Al₂O₃ ceramic balls were discussed. The Si-B co-deposited coating prepared on the TC4 alloy exhibited a three-layer structure, and tightly bonded to the substrate. The outer layer was mainly composed of TiSi₂ and fine TiB₂ phases in its superficial zones, and had a high micro-hardness of about 910HV0.49-1 085HV0.49. The middle layer, mainly consisted of TiSi phases, had a micro-hardness of about 820HV0.49-900HV0.49. The inner layer was mainly consisting of Ti₅Si₃, and had a hardness that gradually decreased from approximately 820HV0.49 to nearly that of the TC4 substrate. The friction-wear test results showed that the Si-B co-deposited coating significantly improved the friction and wear resistance of TC4 alloy. After 60 minutes of testing against GCr15 balls, the average friction coefficient of the Si-B co-deposited coating was approximately 0.423, which was significantly lower than that of the TC4 alloy (0.643), and showed smaller fluctuations in the friction coefficients. The wear rate of the coating was about 2.8×10^-5 mm³/(N·m), approximately 28.6% of that of the TC4 alloy. After 60 minutes of testing against Al₂O₃ balls, the average friction coefficient of the coating was approximately 0.771, which was slightly higher than that of the TC4 alloy (0.685), with larger fluctuations in the friction coefficient. The wear rate of the coating was about 3.6× 10^-5 mm³/(N·m), which was one order of magnitude lower than that of the TC4 alloy. When tested against GCr15 balls, the wear mechanism of the Si-B co-deposited coating was mainly slight material pull-out; while against Al₂O₃ balls, the wear mechanism included fatigue wear, plowing wear, and slight oxidative wear. The formation of TiB₂ phases in the coating played a positive role in improving its friction-wear performance. On the one hand, the high hardness of TiB₂ effectively suppressed the plowing wear of the coating by the friction pairs. On the other hand, the B₂O₃ formed by oxidation of B effectively reduced the viscosity and fluidity of SiO₂, thereby lowering the friction coefficient and wear rate of the coating, which in turn enhanced the wear resistance of the coating.

导出引用

孙泽刚, 孙诗寒, 李轩, 杨远鹏, 蒋杰, 李济, 田进. TC4合金表面Si-B共渗涂层的微观组织结构及摩擦磨损性能[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(21): 226-236 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.016

SUN Zegang, SUN Shihan, LI Xuan, YANG Yuanpeng, JIANG Jie, LI Ji, TIAN Jin. Micro-structure and Wear Behaviour of Si-B Co-diffused Coating Prepared on TC4 Alloy[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(21): 226-236 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.016

中图分类号： TH117.1

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