CrNbTi基多主元合金涂层高通量制备与耐磨蚀性能研究

干晨曦; 蒲吉斌

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.014

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (21) : 199-214. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.014

摩擦磨损与润滑

CrNbTi基多主元合金涂层高通量制备与耐磨蚀性能研究

干晨曦^1,2, 蒲吉斌^1,*

作者信息 +

High-throughput Preparation and Abrasion Resistance of CrNbTi-based Multi-principal Element Alloy Coatings

GAN Chenxi^1,2, PU Jibin^1,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对CrNbTi 基多主元合金涂层在摩擦腐蚀耦合（磨蚀）作用下出现耐磨蚀性能退化加剧,且高成本的试错法难以高效地优化涂层成分和结构的问题,通过在 CrNbTi 基中引入新主元,制备成分梯度变化的多主元合金涂层,以提高涂层的制备效率和耐磨蚀性能,并探究摩擦腐蚀机理。方法通过固定基底,采用高通量磁控溅射制备AlCrMoNbTi 成分梯度涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和摩擦-腐蚀原位测试系统等手段,探究涂层的物相组成、微观组织、力学性能、耐腐蚀性能和磨蚀性能。结果制备态AlCrMoNbTi成分梯度涂层呈现BCC、非晶、BCC+非晶等3种物相结构,确定δ=6.80%、Ω=1.09为单相固溶体形成的界限。涂层的最高纳米硬度为7.48 GPa,维氏硬度为1 734.28HV,在质量分数3.5%的NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电流密度低至10^-6 A/cm²左右。引入机械摩擦后,经高通量筛选得到的7个位点CrNbTi基多主元合金涂层,在开路电位条件下的材料体积损失约为10^-5 mm³/(N·m),其磨蚀机制可分为腐蚀-磨损恶化型、硬度-耐蚀协同型和耐蚀性主导型三类。结论经性能评估,AlCrMoNbTi 成分梯度多主元合金涂层中可筛选出兼具耐蚀与耐磨蚀性能的样品,且其磨蚀行为由硬度、耐蚀性及磨损机制共同调控,该研究为高效制备高硬度高耐蚀的多主元合金涂层提供了理论依据。

Abstract

Multi-principal-element alloy coatings (MPEACs) demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making them effective in mitigating damage caused by friction, corrosion and their coupled effect (tribocorrosion) on the economy, safety and environment. Nevertheless, the vast compositional space of MPEACs and the inefficiency of traditional trial-and-error methods hinder their research progress. To address these challenges, a high-throughput preparation approach based on the cocktail effect is proposed to enhance preparation efficiency and improve performances.
Focusing on the CrNbTi-based MPEACs with room for improvement in mechanical and corrosion resistance, the composition gradient coating of AlCrMoNbTi was prepared by high-throughput magnetron sputtering technology by adding Al and Mo elements. Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to analyze the coatings' surface morphology, composition, and phase structure. Mechanical properties were measured by nanoindentation and microhardness tester, while corrosion resistance was assessed via an electrochemical workstation. A tribocorrosion system was employed to evaluate the tribocorrosion resistance of the selected coatings under the condition of open circuit potential. A 3D optical profiler was used to quantitatively analyze the surface roughness and wear cross-section of the coatings after tribocorrosion. The products at the wear marks were identified by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy and the results were compared with reference spectra in the literature and in the RRUFF^TM mineralogy database.
EDS results confirmed the gradient variation in elemental composition, validating the preparation method. XRD analysis revealed three phase structures: body-centered cubic (BCC), amorphous, and BCC+amorphous. According to the relationship between the composition, structure and properties of the prepared coating, the boundary for forming a single-phase solid solution in AlCrMoNbTi MPEACs was δ=6.80% and Ω=1.09. SEM images showed surface morphologies varying with phase structure, including spherical, burr-shaped, cauliflower-shaped, etc. Nanoindentation results showed that site 4.4 had the highest elastic modulus (124.00 GPa) and nano-hardness (7.48 GPa) due to the synergistic effect of fine-grain strengthening and solid-solution strengthening. The microhardness tester found that the Vickers hardness (1 734.28HV) at site 1.5 was the highest. The discrepancy was primarily attributed to microstructural inhomogeneity in coating composition and structure caused by high-throughput fabrication processes, as well as the scale effects of different testing methods. Electrochemical tests in 3.5% sodium chloride solution revealed that site 4.3 had the lowest self-corrosion current density (1.38×10^-6 A/cm²). By establishing equivalent circuit models, it was discovered that its excellent corrosion resistance was due to the dense and uniform coating, which effectively inhibited the penetration of corrosive media. After adding mechanical friction, the surfaces of the seven selected coatings generated Corundum Al₂O₃, Eskolaite Cr₂O₃, Zhenruite (MoO₃)₂·H₂O, TiO₂ and electrochemical reaction product Al-Cl phases under open circuit potential conditions. There were three mechanisms for the volume loss (10^-5 mm³·N^-1·m^-1) in tribocorrosion of material: corrosion-wear deterioration, hardness-corrosion resistance synergy, and corrosion resistance dominance.
In summary, the prepared AlCrMoNbTi composition gradient coating successfully and efficiently screened out coatings with excellent corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance. Furthermore, the tribocorrosion behavior is synergistically infiuenced by hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear mechanisms. This study provides a detailed example for enhancing the performance and preparation efficiency of MPEACs. Meanwhile, the boundary for new-phase formation provides guidance for composition design.

导出引用

干晨曦, 蒲吉斌. CrNbTi基多主元合金涂层高通量制备与耐磨蚀性能研究[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(21): 199-214 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.014

GAN Chenxi, PU Jibin. High-throughput Preparation and Abrasion Resistance of CrNbTi-based Multi-principal Element Alloy Coatings[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(21): 199-214 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.014

中图分类号： TG174.4

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