金属血管支架表面功能处理研究进展

潘晨; 李璐涵; 范志芳; 曹晶晶; 李河宗

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.013

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (21) : 185-198. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.013

研究综述

金属血管支架表面功能处理研究进展

潘晨^1,2,3, 李璐涵¹, 范志芳⁴, 曹晶晶^1,2,3, 李河宗^1,2,3,*

作者信息 +

Advanced Progress in Surface Function Treatment of Metallic Vascular Stents

PAN Chen^1,2,3, LI Luhan¹, FAN Zhifang⁴, CAO Jingjing^1,2,3, LI Hezong^1,2,3,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

对金属血管支架表面功能处理方法进行综述分析。金属血管支架主要用于治疗堵塞的心脑血管疾病,使血液正常流通。首先介绍血管支架所用金属材料及其优缺点,包括不锈钢、钴铬合金、镍钛合金,以及可降解的镁、铁、锌合金等。经临床反馈可知,金属血管支架被植入人体后,普遍存在支架内再狭窄,易诱发血栓等并发症、力学性能不足等严重的应用痛点。表面功能处理是改善金属血管支架生物相容性、降低血栓发生率和提高力学性能的关键技术,有利于加强临床治疗效果。随着材料科学和表面工程的发展,针对金属支架的表面改性研究取得了显著进展。重点介绍涂层技术、表层改性、表面织构等3种技术,从细胞内皮化、促进血管再生、降低支架内再狭窄和血栓等生物性能方面,以及耐用性、疲劳强度等力学性能方面,分析这些先进方法对金属支架性能的影响。最后,结合新材料、新技术与个性化医疗,对金属血管支架的未来研究方向进行展望,旨在为相关领域的研究提供参考,推动金属血管支架的进一步发展与应用。

Abstract

As the earliest precision medical device used in the clinical treatment of blocked cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metal vascular stents have decades of development history. They have gone through the first generation of bare metal stents, the second generation of drug-eluting stents, and the third generation of degradable stents. Metal materials have also run through the research and development process of the three generations of stents, including stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloy, nickel-titanium alloy, and degradable magnesium, iron, and zinc alloys. However, clinical feedback has found that after metal vascular stents are implanted in the human body, there are serious application pain points such as in-stent restenosis, induced thrombosis and other complications, and insufficient mechanical properties. Therefore, surface functional processing is a key technology for improving the biocompatibility of metal vascular stents, reducing the incidence of thrombosis, and enhancing mechanical properties, which is beneficial for improving the clinical treatment outcome. With the development of materials science and surface engineering, research on surface modification of metal stents has made significant progress.
This paper reviews and analyzes the surface functional treatment methods of metal vascular stents. The review first introduces the metal materials used in vascular stents. Stainless steel, as the earliest material used in vascular stents, has high fatigue strength and corrosion resistance, but can induce complications such as in-stent restenosis and thrombosis. Cobalt-chromium alloy is corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant, yet its biocompatibility limits its application. Although nitinol alloy is a self-expanding vascular stent material with good mechanical properties, while its processing is difficult. Degradable metals are currently promising materials that can be completely degraded in the human body, but there are still difficulties in corrosion resistance and degradation.
Importantly, this review introduces three technologies: coating technology, surface modification, and surface texturing. These research methods have gradually matured and are widely used to improve the surface properties of metal stents. Coating technology uses spraying, impregnation, electrochemical deposition, plasma sputtering and other methods to effectively solve the restenosis in stents and reduce the risk of thrombosis and inflammation. Surface modification uses plasma treatment, oxidation, nitridation, electrochemical polishing and other methods to significantly improve the biocompatibility of stents, promote the interaction between stents and the surrounding biological tissues, reduce the body's immune response and inflammatory response, and reduce postoperative complications. Surface texturing uses mechanical treatment methods such as lasers to promote the attachment and growth of vascular endothelial cells and other cells, reduce blood flow turbulence and disturbance, and improve hemodynamics.
Finally, combining new materials, new technologies and personalized medicine, the research direction of metal vascular stents is prospected, and it is believed that the future surface functional treatment of metal vascular stents tends to develop new materials and new technologies. In addition, 3D bioprinting technology, with its process flexibility, can produce complex geometric shapes, optimize the structure and function of stents, and improve the clinical functionality of stents. This article aims to provide a reference for the research on the surface treatment of metal vascular stents and promote the further development and application of metal vascular stents.

导出引用

潘晨, 李璐涵, 范志芳, 曹晶晶, 李河宗. 金属血管支架表面功能处理研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(21): 185-198 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.013

PAN Chen, LI Luhan, FAN Zhifang, CAO Jingjing, LI Hezong. Advanced Progress in Surface Function Treatment of Metallic Vascular Stents[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(21): 185-198 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.21.013

中图分类号： TB306 TG335.86 R318.08

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