目的 二维导电MXene纳米片在与高强度芳纶纳米纤维（ANF）进行层级复合后,实现了力学性能的提高,同时展现出优异的电磁屏蔽性能和多功能性。方法 利用氟化锂LiF与盐酸HCl对MAX相进行化学刻蚀,成功制备出多层MXene。随后,通过离心和超声处理获得MXene水分散液,并进一步利用二甲基亚砜DMSO进行溶剂置换,得到稳定的MXene/DMSO分散体系。同时,借助氢氧化钾（KOH）在DMSO中对芳纶纤维进行去质子化处理,实现纤维剥离,制得ANF/DMSO分散液。最后,采用真空辅助交替抽滤,并结合热压工艺,制备具有三明治结构的MXene/ANF/MXene纳米复合薄膜。结果 MXene与ANF复合后,形成了具有三明治结构的MXene/ANF/MXene纳米复合薄膜。得益于ANF自身优异的力学性能,该复合薄膜展现出显著增强的力学强度,其拉伸强度达到69.2 MPa,相较于纯MXene薄膜提升了163%。同时,高导电MXene的层状结构赋予了复合薄膜良好的电磁屏蔽性能,在X波段（8.2~ 12.4 GHz）的电磁干扰屏蔽效能达到23.77 dB。该薄膜在50倍NaCl浓度梯度条件下表现出优异的渗透能转换能力,功率密度达到4.66 W/m²。结论 MXene/ANF/MXene纳米复合薄膜的制备工艺简单,同时具备电磁屏蔽性能和盐差转换性能,在电磁防护和蓝色能源捕获等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of electronic devices toward miniaturization, high integration, and multifunctionality, conventional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are increasingly inadequate to meet the growing demands for high performance and adaptability. Two-dimensional MXene nanosheets, as a class of emerging transition metal carbides/ nitrides, have demonstrated exceptional potential in EMI shielding due to their outstanding electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and mechanical flexibility. However, the intrinsic brittleness and poor mechanical strength of pure MXene films significantly restrict their practical application in durable and flexible electronics. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a novel material design strategy, which incorporates high-strength aramid nanofibers (ANFs) as a reinforcing phase and engineering a well-defined sandwich architecture to achieve synergistic enhancement in mechanical and functional properties.
First, multilayer MXene was synthesized by chemically etching MAX powder using in situ-generated hydrofluoric acid HF from the reaction between lithium fluoride LiF and hydrochloric acid HCl. The product was then subject to centrifugation and ultrasonication to obtain a homogeneous aqueous MXene dispersion, which was further solvent-exchanged with dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO to improve stability and processability. In parallel, ANF was dispersed in DMSO via deprotonation treatment using potassium hydroxide KOH, resulting in a stable and homogeneous ANF/DMSO colloidal suspension. The MXene/ANF/MXene sandwich-structured nanocomposite films were fabricated through a vacuum-assisted alternating filtration technique, which enabled precise control over layer stacking and interfacial properties, followed by a hot-pressing process to enhance layer integration and mechanical robustness.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed its distinct sandwich structure, with the outer layer enriched in MXene and the core layer dominated by ANF. The composite film exhibited a tensile strength of 69.2 MPa as measured by an electronic universal testing machine, representing a 163% increase over pure MXene films. This enhancement is attributed to ANF's effective load-bearing capacity and the strong interfacial bonding formed during the hot-pressing process. Electromagnetic shielding performance measured with a vector network analyser in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) achieved a shielding effectiveness value of 23.77 dB, demonstrating exceptional electromagnetic wave attenuation capability. Furthermore, this composite film exhibited significant potential in permeation energy conversion. Tested using a Keithley 2 450 source measurement unit under a 50-fold NaCl concentration gradient, the film achieved a power density of 4.66 W/m², demonstrating sustainable energy harvesting capability.
The outer MXene layer formed a continuous conductive network for efficient electromagnetic shielding, while the inner ANF layer not only enhanced mechanical strength but also facilitated selective ion transport through its nanofluidic channels and functional groups. This combination of properties endowed the material with high mechanical durability, outstanding EMI shielding performance, and efficient permeation energy conversion capability.
In summary, this study proposes a scalable and highly efficient fabrication scheme for high-performance MXene/ ANF/MXene nanocomposite films based on vacuum-assisted filtration and hot-pressing processes. The proposed sandwich structure successfully overcomes the mechanical limitations of MXene while integrating multiple functionalities within a single material platform. With its exceptional combination of strength, electromagnetic shielding efficiency, and energy conversion capabilities, the MXene/ANF/MXene nanocomposite film demonstrates broad application prospects in next-generation electromagnetic protection, flexible wearable electronics, and blue energy harvesting systems.
关键词
MXene /
芳纶纳米纤维 /
三明治结构 /
电磁干扰屏蔽 /
多功能性
Key words
MXene /
aramid nanofibres /
sandwich structure /
electromagnetic interference shielding /
multifunctionality
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