目的 受猪笼草启发制备的人工超滑表面存在工艺复杂、使用寿命短等问题,亟须探索简单、高效的制备方法,以提高其表面耐久性。方法 通过阳极氧化工艺,在铝板表面制备表层纤维-底层阵列多孔的复合多级结构（AAO）,结合SiO2溶胶凝胶（Solgel）和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷改性,使得表面具有稳定的超疏水亲油特性。通过真空浸渍法将羟基氟硅油注入复合多级结构中,制备具有长效耐久性的AAO-SiO2超滑表面。结果 根据表面形貌分析结果,确定最佳制备电压为30 V,TEOS用量（用质量分数表示）为16.6%,经氟化改性和注入羟基氟硅油,AAO-SiO2-SLIPS超滑表面的水滑动角低至2.7°。与常规注入二甲基硅油的超滑表面相比,AAO-SiO2-SLIPS表面在匀胶机剪切力作用下仍能保持良好的滑动性,其滑动角低于至21.2°。这主要是由于羟基氟硅油与AAO-SiO2表面间的氢键及静电作用力,使得油层稳定性显著提升。在摩擦实验中,样品负载100 g砝码在1000目砂纸摩擦下往复测试180个循环,超滑表面的滑动角仅轻微上升,仍保持了良好的超滑特性。此外,阻垢测试结果表明,制备的超滑表面具有良好的抗垢黏附性能,表面沉积钙元素的含量最低,其原子数分数仅为2.3%。结论 通过阳极氧化法构筑表层纤维-底层阵列多孔复合多级结构,结合溶胶凝胶、氟化改性及活性润滑油注入,能够显著提升超滑表面的油膜稳定性、机械耐久性和抗污垢黏附性能,在工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
Artificial super-slippery surfaces inspired by the insect-trapping mechanism of pitcher plants have demonstrated immense application potential in fields such as anti-icing, anti-fouling, drag reduction, and anti-scaling. However, the traditional slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) suffers from inherent limitations, including complex fabrication processes, and short service lifespans. These drawbacks necessitate the development of simpler and more efficient preparation methods to enhance surface durability. Herein, a hierarchical structure featuring surface fibers and underlying arrayed pores was fabricated on aluminum plates via anodic oxidation (AAO). Combined with SiO2 sol-gel modification and 1H,1H,2H,2H -perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane functionalization, the surface exhibited stable superhydrophobic oleophilic properties. By employing a vacuum impregnation method under 80 kPa pressure to infuse hydroxy-fluorosilicone oil into the composite hierarchical structure, a long-lasting super-slippery surface (AAO-SiO2-SLIPS) was successfully prepared. Surface morphology was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while surface wettability was evaluated via contact angle goniometry. The optimal preparation parameters were determined as follows: anodization voltage of 30 V and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) content of 16.6%. Following fluorination modification and hydroxy-fluorosilicone oil infusion, the AAO-SiO2-SLIPS surface exhibited an exceptionally low water sliding angle of 2.7°. Compared to conventional super-slippery surfaces infused with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oil (AAO-SiO2-PDMS), the AAO-SiO2-SLIPS surface maintained superior sliding performance under shear stress generated by a spin coater at 1 500 r/min, with a sliding angle remaining 21.2°. This enhanced stability was primarily attributed to hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between the hydroxy- fluorosilicone oil and the AAO-SiO2-SHC surface, which significantly improved the adhesion and stability of the oil layer. In friction tests, samples were subject to a 100 g load and reciprocated over 180 cycles on 1000-grit sandpaper. The AAO-SiO2- PDMS surface experienced a dramatic increase in sliding angle to 11.2°, losing its super-slippery properties. In contrast, the AAO-SiO2-SLIPS surface showed only a slight increase to 7.1°, retaining excellent super-slippery characteristics and oil film stability. Wear resistance was further evaluated by measuring mass loss after friction testing. The AAO-SiO2-SHC surface exhibited a wear mass loss of 15.5 mg, while the AAO-SiO2-PDMS surface demonstrated a reduced wear mass loss of 9 mg. Notably, the AAO-SiO2-SLIPS surface achieved the lowest wear mass loss of 5.6 mg after 180 cycles, indicating exceptional mechanical durability. Anti-scaling performance was assessed by quantifying calcium deposition on the surfaces. The unmodified AAO-SiO2 sample showed a calcium deposition of 24%, while the hydrophobic-modified AAO-SiO2-SHC sample exhibited reduced deposition at 15.5%. Remarkably, the AAO-SiO2-SLIPS super-slippery surface demonstrated a calcium deposition of only 2.3%, highlighting its superior anti-scaling properties and significant reduction in scale adherence. In summary, this study demonstrates that constructing a composite hierarchical structure with a fibrous top layer and a porous array bottom layer via anodic oxidation, combined with SiO2 sol-gel treatment, PFTS hydrophobic modification, and infusion of reactive lubricating oil, can substantially enhance the oil film stability, mechanical durability, and anti-fouling performance of super-slippery surfaces. The proposed AAO-SiO2-SLIPS surface demonstrates exceptional long-term oil film stability under shear stress, friction, and scaling conditions. This performance makes it a highly promising solution for industrial applications demanding robust anti-fouling, drag reduction, and anti-scaling capability.
关键词
阳极氧化铝 /
超滑表面 /
羟基氟硅油 /
耐磨性 /
油膜稳定性 /
阻垢
Key words
anodic aluminum oxide /
slippery liquid-infused porous surface /
hydroxy-fluorosilicone oil /
wear resistance /
oil film stability /
anti-scaling capability
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52203136, 52303102）; 黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年基金（YQ2024E007）; 中国博士后科学基金（2024MD753912）; 黑龙江省博士后基金（LBH-Z24107）; 东北石油大学“国家基金”培育基金（2023GPL-04）; 东北石油大学科研启动基金（2021KQ05）
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