目的 金属材料在众多工程和工业领域中发挥着关键作用,而赋予其疏液性能可进一步拓展其应用范围,并解决因其自身性质带来的部分应用的限制问题。方法 采用纳秒激光加工技术在H62黄铜表面织构出微纳米级结构沟槽,并结合热处理和化学处理进行低表面能修饰,制备了具有丰富微纳结构的超疏液黄铜表面。结果 该表面对去离子水、甘油和乙二醇接触角分别高达(155.6±0.7)°、(152.0±0.6)°和(139.5±0.9)°,展现出优异的疏液性。利用扫描电子显微镜和超景深显微镜,观察了不同激光加工参数对表面微结构形貌以及表面润湿性的影响,确定了制备超疏液黄铜表面的最佳加工参数范围。利用XPS能谱分析了不同后处理方式对表面化学组成成分的调控,激光加工后的黄铜表面呈超亲水性,经热处理或化学处理后,表面能显著降低,润湿性由亲液转变为疏液,表明了表面化学对于表面润湿性的影响机理。同时,抗结冰测试结果表明,2种后处理工艺均显著提升了黄铜表面的抗结冰能力。激光热处理表面的结冰时间延迟至未处理表面的9倍,而激光化学处理表面则达到21倍。结论 有效制备出具有优异疏液和抗结冰性能的黄铜表面,为疏液金属表面的制备提供了理论依据和工艺指导。
Abstract
Metallic materials play a crucial role in the engineering and industrial sectors. Endowing them with hydrophobic properties can further expand their applications and solve the limitations of some applications caused by their own properties. At present, many research works have been carried out on the laser-based surface modification processes for various metallic materials, which could help to achieve superhydrophobic properties. However, most studies merely employ single post-treatment method, and the influence of different post-treatment methods on the functionalization characteristics of the surface still holds certain research significance. In addition, it is necessary to investigate the wettability of different liquids on hydrophobic surface to further expand the application of metallic materials in various fields. In this work, nanosecond laser processing technology is used to texture micro/nano-scale grooves on H62 brass. Furthermore, combined with heat treatment or chemical treatment for low surface energy modification, a superhydrophobic brass surface with abundant micro/nano structures is prepared. The contact angles of this surface for deionized water, glycerol and ethylene glycol are as high as (155.6±0.7)°, (152.0±0.6)° and (139.5±0.9)° respectively, demonstrating excellent hydrophobicity. The effects of different combinations of laser processing parameters on the surface morphology and surface wettability are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy, and the optimal processing parameters for preparing the surface of hydrophobic brass is determined. The scanning speed has a more significant impact on the secondary microstructure of the surface. A low scanning speed leads to excessive ablation of the surface, causing the destruction of the surface structure with papillary particles that should exist originally. A high scanning speed results in insufficient ablation, making the entire surface relatively flat with only low-depth ablation marks. The mechanism of surface chemistry transition by different post-treatment methods is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). A large number of polar hydrophilic groups are deposited on the surface of brass due to the reaction of oxidation, resulting in superhydrophilicity. At this time, the surface exhibits the Wenzel state. After heat treatment or chemical treatment, the content of C element on the surface increases significantly. Moreover, some hydrophobic groups (such as —CH2—, —CH3) are gradually deposited on the surface, resulting in a significant reduction in surface energy and the surface wettability is transformed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. This elucidates the influence mechanism of surface chemistry on surface wettability. Meanwhile, the results of anti-icing experiment show that both post-treatment methods significantly enhance the anti-icing ability of the brass surface. The freezing time of the surface treated by laser heat treatment reaches 390 s, which is 12 times compared with that of the untreated surface. In the meantime, the freezing time of the surface treated by laser chemical treatment is 887 s, which is 21 times compared with that of the untreated surface. In addition, the melting time of ice droplets during warming up is shorter than that of the untreated surface, and they can still maintain good hydrophobic properties after melting. This work can effectively prepare superhydrophobic brass surface with excellent anti-icing properties, providing a theoretical basis and process guidance for the preparation of hydrophobic metallic surfaces.
关键词
激光加工 /
H62黄铜 /
超疏液 /
微纳结构和化学 /
抗结冰
Key words
laser processing /
H62 brass /
superhydrophobic /
micro/nano structures and chemistry /
anti-freezing
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52105175）; 东南大学至善青年学者项目（2242024RCB0035）
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