目的 航天器框架结构零件采用MgZnSc镁合金,但存在镁合金耐蚀性和热控性能不足的问题,需通过功能化处理解决。方法 采用硅盐和锆盐体系进行二次复合微弧氧化,在MgZnSc镁合金表面制备了具有低太阳吸收比和高半球发射率的白色微弧氧化热控涂层,并对涂层的热控性能、微观形貌等进行了分析。采用PE lambda 950太阳吸收比测试仪和AE-1辐射计测试试样的太阳吸收比和半球发射率。采用ZEISS SUPER 55VP扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线能量色散谱（EDS）观察表面微观形貌和化学成分。采用Bruker-AXS X射线衍射仪进行X射线衍射（XRD）物相分析。结果 涂层微观结构呈微纳雪花状结构,在紫外、可见光、近红外波段具有较低的吸收比,太阳吸收比最低为0.26,半球发射率最高为0.90。锆盐微弧氧化的涂层厚度增长较慢,氧化15 min时氧化厚度不足20 μm,而二次复合氧化的涂层厚度增长较快,氧化15 min后厚度可达35.4 μm,可以快速加厚涂层厚度,避免由于锆盐反应初期涂层增长较慢造成的氧化涂层不稳定现象。氧、硅和锆含量的变化结果表明,当二次复合氧化时间超过30 min时,表面化学成分趋于稳定。结论 经过硅盐和锆盐体系二次复合氧化,MgZnSc镁合金表面形成了具备低太阳吸收比、高半球发射率热控性能的微弧氧化涂层。主要成分为具有反光效应的白色微弧氧化物,有利于反射太阳辐射等热量,降低镁合金表面对太阳光谱能量的吸收比。镁合金表面从金属变成了金属氧化物,通过高发射率氧化物的掺杂以及厚度的提高,其发射率进一步提升。
Abstract
The structural components of spacecraft frames are made of MgZnSc magnesium alloy, but there are issues such as insufficient corrosion resistance and thermal control performance of the magnesium alloy, which need to be addressed through functionalization treatment. However, the hemispherical emissivity of the micro-arc oxidation coating formed by single oxidation of silicon salt micro-arc oxidation is generally below 0.85, which is difficult to meet the usage requirements. Simply using zirconium salt for micro-arc oxidation has problems such as difficulty in starting the arc in the early reaction and easy roughness of the oxidation coating after prolonged oxidation time.
This article focuses on the surface thermal control application requirements of spacecraft products, taking magnesium alloy materials as the research object. A low absorption white thermal control coating was successfully prepared on the surface of MgZnSc magnesium alloy by silicon zirconium salt secondary micro-arc oxidation, and the thermal control performance and microstructure of the coating were analyzed. A white micro-arc oxidation thermal control coating with low solar absorption ratio and high hemispherical emissivity was prepared on the surface of MgZnSc magnesium alloy by secondary composite micro-arc oxidation using a silicon salt and zirconium salt system. The thermal control performance and microstructure of the coating were analyzed. A PE lambda 950 solar absorption ratio tester and an AE-1 radiometer were used to test the solar absorption ratio and hemispherical emissivity of the sample. The surface microstructure and chemical composition were observed with a ZEISS SUPER 55VP scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). A Bruker AXS X-ray diffractometer was used for X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis.
The microstructure of the coating presents a micro nano snowflake like structure, with low absorption ratios in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands. The lowest solar absorption ratio is 0.26, and the highest hemispherical emissivity is 0.90. The coating thickness of zirconium salt micro-arc oxidation increases slowly, with an oxidation thickness of less than 20 μm after 15 minutes of oxidation. However, the coating thickness of secondary composite oxidation increases rapidly, with a thickness of up to 35.4 μm after 15 minutes of oxidation. This can quickly increase the coating thickness and avoid the instability of the oxidation coating caused by the slow growth of the coating in the early zirconium salt reaction. The changes in oxygen, silicon, and zirconium content indicate that when the secondary composite oxidation time exceeds 30 minutes, the surface chemical composition tends to stabilize. The XRD test structure shows that when magnesium alloy is only subject to silicate micro-arc oxidation, the main component of the micro-arc oxidation film formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy is MgSiO3. In the initial stage of secondary oxidation in zirconium salt, the micro-arc oxidation film layer of magnesium fluoride formed on the surface gradually increases with the extension of oxidation time in zirconium salt. The diffraction peaks of zirconium compounds such as ZrO2 and Zr(PO4)3 gradually increase, while the diffraction peaks of MgSiO3 and MgF gradually decrease. At this time, the surface of magnesium alloy is mainly composed of zirconium oxide. After thermal shock test and thermal cycle test, the appearance of the secondary composite micro-arc oxidation coating is uniform and consistent, without cracking, peeling, blistering and other phenomena. The coating has good adhesion and can withstand the complex environment of high and low temperature alternating cycles in the space environment.
After secondary composite oxidation of silicon salt and zirconium salt system, a micro-arc oxidation coating with low solar absorption ratio and high hemispherical emissivity thermal control performance is formed on the surface of MgZnSc magnesium alloy. The main component is white micro-arc oxide with reflective effect, which is beneficial for reflecting solar radiation and other heat, reducing the absorption ratio of magnesium alloy surface to solar spectral energy. The surface of magnesium alloy has changed from metal to metal oxide, and its emissivity is further improved by doping with high emissivity oxide and increasing its thickness.
关键词
镁合金 /
微弧氧化 /
太阳吸收比 /
热控涂层 /
半球发射率
Key words
magnesium alloy /
micro-arc oxidation /
solar absorptance /
thermal control coating /
hemispheric emissivity
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