目的 提高GDC电解质的致密度和GDC电池的电化学性能。方法 通过配备Metco Triplex Pro-210喷枪的大气等离子喷涂系统(APS)分别在70、75和80 kW的喷涂功率下制备了GDC电解质。利用spray watch 2i、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、纳米压痕仪和电化学工作站等检测设备对粒子的飞行状态以及涂层微观形貌、力学性能、电化学性能进行表征。系统探究喷涂功率对GDC电解质致密性和电池输出性能的影响。结果 80 kW喷涂功率下GDC粒子的沉积效果最好,沉积的涂层中的孔洞和裂纹数目最少,涂层孔隙率为5.26%。此时的GDC涂层具有较好的力学性能,其硬度和弹性模量值分别为(6.93±0.12)、(173.23±17.04) GPa。在600 ℃下,80 kW电池的开路电压为0.91 V,峰值功率密度为219.86 mW/cm2,欧姆阻抗为0.64 Ω∙cm2,电导率为0.009 4 S/cm。结论 80 kW喷涂功率下GDC粒子的沉积效果最好,涂层的力学性能、组织性能以及电化学性能等综合性能最佳。
Abstract
Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) have gained significant attention in recent years as a promising development branch for expanding application boundaries and reducing costs. To prevent rapid degradation of the metal substrate due to high-temperature operation, Gd2O3 doped CeO2 (GDC), which exhibits high conductivity at medium and low temperatures, has emerged as a promising candidate. Plasma spraying technology, which directly melts materials without requiring high-temperature sintering, can effectively suppress elemental interdiffusion between the metal substrate and the electrode. The spraying power of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) significantly impacts the microstructure and performance of the coating.
GDC electrolytes were prepared at spraying powers of 70, 75 and 80 kW through an APS system equipped with a Metco Triplex Pro-210 spray torch. For the single-particle deposition experiments, the traverse speed of the spray torch was set to 1 000 mm/s, and the particles were deposited onto a polished substrate. The Spray Watch 2i system was used to monitor the surface temperature and flight speed of the powder particles in the plasma jet, varying with different spraying distances and spraying powers. The deposition morphology of individual particles and the microstructure of cells were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the electrolyte coatings were assessed with a nanoindenter, while the electrochemical performance, including open-circuit voltage, peak power density, and impedance, was measured through an electrochemical workstation.
The impact of spraying power on the density of the GDC electrolytes and the performance of the cells was systematically investigated. The results indicated that at a spraying power of 80 kW, the GDC powder particles in the plasma jet reached the highest surface temperature, resulting in improved melting and fewer voids during particle stacking. Furthermore, at 80 kW, the particles demonstrated higher flight speed, which further minimized the formation of pores and cracks. The GDC particles with optimal melting were deposited onto the substrate in a radial pattern, exhibiting a smooth, uniform deposition morphology and strong adhesion to the substrate, with no noticeable peeling. Additionally, no significant pores or cracks were observed in the coating deposited at 80 kW, and the coating porosity was only 5.26%. Columnar crystalline structures were observed within the coatings.
The GDC coating deposited at 80 kW exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with hardness and elastic modulus of (6.93±0.12) and (173.23±17.04) GPa, respectively. As the spraying power increased, the evaporation of Ce also increased, leading to compositional changes in the electrolyte and a reduction in cell performance. The dense electrolyte structure of the GDC cells fabricated at 80 kW spraying power led to superior electrochemical performance. At 600 ℃, the cell prepared at 80 kW exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.91 V, a peak power density of 219.86 mW/cm2, and an ohmic impedance of 0.64 Ω∙cm2. By calculating the conductivity of the electrolytes, at 600 ℃, the electrolyte conductivities cells under 70 kW, 75 kW and 80 kW were 0.006 6, 0.008 3, and 0.009 4 S/cm, respectively.
In summary, the coating deposited at 80 kW spraying power exhibited the best overall performance in terms of density, mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance.
关键词
金属支撑型固体氧化物燃料电池 /
大气等离子喷涂 /
Metco Triplex Pro-210喷枪 /
喷涂功率 /
电化学性能
Key words
metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell /
atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) /
Metco Triplex Pro-210 spray torch /
spraying power /
electrochemical performance
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFE0108000）; 国家自然科学基金（52201069）; 广东省科技计划项目（2023B1212060045,2023B1212120008）; 广东省科学院青年人才专项（2024GDASQNRC-0208）; 广东省科学院发展专项资金项目（2024GDASZH-2024010102）; 广东省科学院新材料研究所专项资金项目（2023GINMZX-202301020104）; 广州市基础与应用基础研究项目（2025A04J5111）
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