目的 为了优化WC增强Ni基复合涂层的成型品质及其耐磨耐蚀性能,研究采用激光熔覆技术制备(Y1-xGdx)2O3/WC/Ni60A复合涂层。方法 首先,在25% WC/Ni60A的基础涂层中,添加2%的(Y1-xGdx)2O3（0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0）双元稀土氧化物,利用X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合能谱仪（EDS）等表征工具,对涂层的物相组成、微观结构及元素分布进行分析。运用显微维氏硬度计（HV-1 000）、摩擦磨损试验机（UMT-3）以及电化学工作站（CHI-760）等,对涂层的耐磨耐蚀性进行测试。结果 通过激光熔覆制备的涂层组织致密,且与基体形成了牢固的冶金结合。XRD分析揭示,该复合涂层主要由γ-Ni枝晶和γ相结构的（Fe,Ni）固溶体构成,而在添加(Y1-xGdx)2O3后,还检测到了Ni2Y、Gd2Fe17Si等化合物的析出。由SEM和EDS的观察分析结果可知,涂层厚度约为1.5 mm,熔覆层无孔洞和裂纹等缺陷,组织分布均匀,未出现元素偏析现象。硬度测试数据表明,随着x值的增大,复合涂层的平均显微硬度呈上升趋势,在x = 0.8时达到峰值465.61HV,约为基体硬度的2.3倍。在摩擦磨损测试中,当x = 0.8时,复合涂层展现出最低的摩擦系数（约0.45）和最小的磨损率（约2.09×10-3 mm3/(N·m)）,较未添加(Y1-xGdx)2O3的涂层,耐磨损性能提升了58.78%。电化学测试结果则显示,当x = 0.2时,复合涂层的耐蚀性能最为优异,此时的自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流密度分别为-0.387 2 V和2.192×10-6 A/cm2,但随着x值的继续增大,耐蚀性能逐渐减弱。结论 双元稀土氧化物的掺入能够显著提升WC/Ni60A涂层的耐磨耐蚀性能,预示着该材料在极端海洋环境下的表面防护领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
Laser cladding represents an advanced surface strengthening technology that has garnered significant attention in materials engineering due to its ability to enhance surface properties of metallic substrates. To further improve the formation quality, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of WC-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings, which are widely used in harsh industrial environments, (Y1-xGdx)2O3/WC/Ni60A composite coatings are systematically fabricated and investigated using the laser cladding technique. The influence of varying x values in (Y1-xGdx)2O3 on the microstructure and properties of WC/Ni60A coatings are studied. Initially, 2wt.% of (Y1-xGdx)2O3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) is applied atop a 25wt.% WC/Ni60A coating. Specimens measuring 40 mm × 15 mm × 10 mm, cut from H13 steel, serve as the substrates. The cladding is prepared using the preset powder method with an FL020 fiber laser. The laser cladding parameters include a laser power of 1 300 W, a spot diameter of 2 mm, a scanning speed of 6 mm/s, and an overlap rate of 40% to achieve optimal coating quality. The phase composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution of the coatings are systematically characterized and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, Vickers hardness testers (HV-1000), multi-functional friction and wear testers (UMT-3), morphology microscopes, and electrochemical workstations (CHI-760) are employed to evaluate the abrasion and corrosion resistance of the coatings. The composite coatings, containing binary rare earth oxides with different x values, aresuccessfully prepared via laser cladding. These coatings exhibit a dense microstructure and are metallurgically bonded to the substrate. XRD analysis reveals that the composite coating primarily consists of γ-Ni dendrites and γ-phase structure of (Fe, Ni) solid solution. Compounds such as Ni2Y and Gd2Fe17Si are detected following the addition of (Y1-xGdx)2O3. SEM and EDS results indicate a coating thickness of approximately 1.5 mm, with the cladding layer being free of defects such as pores and cracks, displaying uniform organization and no elemental segregation. Hardness test results demonstrate that the average microhardness of the composite coating increases with the x value, reaching a maximum of 465.61HV at x = 0.8, which is approximately 2.3 times that of the substrate. The maximum microhardness of the coating is 839.5HV, about 4.2 times that of the substrate. Friction and wear tests show that the composite coating achieves the lowest friction coefficient of about 0.45 at x = 0.8, with its wear rate also reaching a minimum of approximately 2.09×10-3 mm3/(N·m), representing a 58.78% improvement over coatings without binary rare earth oxides. Electrochemical test results indicate that the composite coating exhibits the best corrosion resistance at x = 0.2, with a self-corrosion potential of -0.387 2 V and a self-corrosion current density of 2.192×10-6 A/cm2. However, the corrosion resistance decreases with increasing x values. These findings collectively demonstrate that the addition of binary rare earth oxides can effectively improve both the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of WC/Ni60A coatings, with the specific effects being composition-dependent. The outstanding performance of these coatings, particularly at optimal rare earth oxide compositions, positions them as promising new surface protection materials for extreme marine environments where both mechanical wear and electrochemical corrosion present significant challenges to material durability.
关键词
激光熔覆 /
WC/Ni60A涂层 /
(Y1-xGdx)2O3双元稀土氧化物 /
组织结构 /
耐磨耐腐蚀性能
Key words
laser cladding /
WC/Ni60A coating /
(Y1-xGdx)2O3 binary rare earth oxides /
microstructure /
wear and corrosion resistance
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