目的 更准确地研究水润滑轴承在实际工况下的润滑性能特性。方法 基于水润滑轴承-转子耦合推进系统,构建综合考虑轴瓦表面形貌效应、弹性变形效应及轴颈挠曲的动力学模型,并提出一种针对该模型的润滑特性求解方法。系统分析挠度对水润滑轴承静态和动态性能的影响规律,阐明不同工况及结构参数下轴承特性的演变机理和影响机制,厘清多因素耦合效应与轴承可靠性之间的内在关联。结果 在小挠度（5.2×10-4 rad）下,基于转轴的自重作用,水润滑轴承的下端边缘处的变形较大。随着挠度的增长,转轴的质心趋向轴承上方,因此轴承衬层下端的变形趋于0。转速对最大变形区域无显著影响,仅对衬层最大变形量产生影响。转速为1 000 r/min时的变形量为0.056 986 mm,转速为5 000 r/min时的变形量为1.371 5 mm,增长幅度较大。可知转速对最大变形量的影响显著高于挠度因素,其应变及应力的演变规律与变形一致。结论 挠度效应基于接触区域的挤压效应,使得最小水膜厚度减小,流体流速加快,增强了流体内部动态响应,使得压力等参数对流体动力学参数的波动更加敏感,从而改变了润滑性能的分布特性,研究成果为提升考虑多因素耦合效应的水润滑轴承可靠性提供了坚实的理论支撑。
Abstract
In the realm of modern machinery and marine engineering, water-lubricated bearings have gained increasing prominence due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and excellent cooling capabilities. However, accurately understanding their lubrication performance under actual working conditions remains a significant challenge. To address this issue comprehensively, the work aims to study the water-lubricated bearing-rotor coupled propulsion system. A dynamic model is meticulously constructed, taking into full account the journal bearing surface topography effect, elastic deformation effect, and journal deflection. The surface topography effect, which involves the micro and macro scale irregularities on the bearing surface, can greatly affect the fluid flow and pressure distribution within the lubricating film. The elastic deformation effect considers the deformations of the bearing components under load, which is crucial as it directly affects the lubrication gap. Meanwhile, journal deflection, an inevitable phenomenon in rotating systems, also plays a key role in the lubrication process. To solve the lubrication characteristics of this complex model, a novel solution method is proposed. This method combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) techniques, enabling accurate simulation of the multi-physical field coupling problem. The effect laws of deflection on static & dynamic behavior are also analyzed comprehensively. Under a small deflection of 5.2×10-4 rad, due to the self-weight of the rotating shaft, the deformation at the lower edge of the water-lubricated bearing is relatively large. As the deflection increases, the centroid of the rotating shaft tends to move above the bearing, so the deformation at the lower edge of the bearing liner approaches zero. Regarding the effect of rotational speed, it has been found that it has no significant effect on the maximum deformation area but only affects the maximum deformation of the liner. The deformation at 1 000 r/min is 0.056 986 mm, and at 5 000 r/min, it is 1.371 5 mm, with a significant increasing trend. Evidently, the effect of rotational speed on the maximum deformation is significantly higher than that of the deflection factor. Moreover, the evolution laws of strain and stress are consistent with the deformation trend. The deflection effect, through the extrusion effect in the contact area, reduces the minimum water film thickness. This reduction accelerates the fluid flow velocity, enhancing the internal dynamic response of the fluid. As a result, parameters such as pressure become more sensitive to fluctuations in hydrodynamic parameters, thereby altering the distribution characteristics of lubrication performance. By clarifying the evolution mechanism and effect mechanism of different working conditions and structural parameters on bearing characteristics, as well as the internal correlation between multi-factor coupling effects and bearing reliability, this research not only deepens the theoretical understanding of water-lubricated bearings but also provides a solid theoretical support for improving the reliability of water-lubricated bearings considering multi-factor coupling effects. The findings have great potential applications in optimizing the design and operation of water-lubricated bearing systems in various industries, such as marine propulsion, hydroelectric power generation, and high-speed rotating machinery.
关键词
轴颈挠曲 /
水润滑轴承 /
润滑性能 /
静态特性 /
动态特性 /
混合润滑
Key words
journal deflection /
water-lubricated bearing /
lubricating properties /
static performance /
dynamic performance /
mixed lubrication
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基金
陕西省重点研发计划（2025GH-YBXM-005）; 深圳市科技计划（JCYJ20240813150731040）; 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2024A1515010406）; 中国-中东欧国家高校联合教育项目（2023275）
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