目的 研究不同轧制速率对医用锌合金微观组织结构及摩擦磨损性能的影响规律,为延长人体环境下植入部位的服役寿命提供理论支撑,提高植入安全性。方法 通过真空熔炼制备新型Zn-Li-Er合金,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、激光共聚焦分析仪（3D/CLSM）及多功能材料表面性能试验仪对不同轧制速率下医用锌合金的显微组织结构、相组成、力学性能和干/湿摩擦磨损性能进行检测和分析,阐明合金服役过程的摩擦磨损失效机制。结果 在轧制速率30 m/min下,医用锌合金经过形变后在Hank's模拟体液环境下表现出较好的耐磨性能,磨损率仅为0.65×10-3 g/(N∙m);晶粒细化程度较高,硬度为164.96HV。材料的硬度越高,则抵抗划伤和切削的能力越强,进而其耐磨性得到改善。同时,热能的输入调控了合金内部组织的空间分布,增强了微观组织的机械稳定性,降低了摩擦力及摩擦损耗。当轧制速率增至40 m/min时,晶粒尺寸开始变大,较低的密度晶界网络不利于阻碍摩擦副的相对运动,进而恶化了合金的耐磨性能。结论 在轧制速率为30 m/min时,医用锌合金表现出较优的植入性能,实现了抗磨损能力和耐腐蚀性能的双重提升。
Abstract
During clinical service, medical metals are not only subject to complex stress states but also suffer from the wear-corrosion interaction under nonlinear loads, resulting in remarkable deterioration in mechanical properties, accelerated component loss, local damage, and catastrophic failure. Especially, the fine particles formed by wear and the accumulation of metal ions may easily cause the osteolysis, which seriously threatens the safety of organisms. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop high-performance wear-resistant medical metal materials and explore their corrosion-wear mechanisms in physiological environments.
The new Zn-Li-Er alloy was fabricated through vacuum melting. The alloy was placed in a box furnace at 320 ℃ for 2 h. The plate was hot rolled at different rolling speeds of 10 m/min, 30 m/min, and 40 m/min at a rolling temperature of 320 ℃, a rolling reduction ratio of 70%, and a single rolling thickness of 2 mm. After each pass, the rolled plate was reheated for 5 minutes. The experimental samples were cut by an electrical discharge numerical control wire cutting machine. Then, metallographic microscope (Leica Dmi8), scanning electron microscope (Phenom XL) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD, D8 ADVANCE) were used to analyze the microstructure and phase composition of zinc alloys at different rolling speeds, and keller reagent was used as a corrosion agent for optical microstructure. The tensile test of hot-rolled zinc alloy samples was carried out by tensile testing machine (UTM 5305), and the hardness data were tested by Vickers hardness tester (HV-5SPTA). The friction tests were carried out by a multifunctional material surface property tester (MFT-4000) to calculate the wear rates and observe the surface morphology, element distribution and 3D profile of the wear mark by SEM and laser confocal analyzer (3D/CLSM).
After the deformation at 30 m/min rolling rate, the medical zinc alloy showed the best wear resistance in Hank's simulated body fluid environment, and the wear rate was only 0.65×10-3 g/(N∙m), the grain refinement degree was the highest, and the hardness was 164.96HV. The higher the material hardness, the stronger the ability to resist scratching and cutting, thereby improving its wear resistance. At the same time, high thermal energy improved the mechanical stability of the microstructure by changing the redistribution of the second phase/intermetallic compounds, leading to a decrease in the friction force, reducing the cleavage effect of the second relative matrix, and thereby reducing the wear and rupture rate of the alloy. However, when the rolling speed increased to 40 m/min, the grain sizes began to increase, forming a relatively lower density grain boundary network that was less conducive to impeding the relative motion of the friction pair, thereby deteriorating the wear resistance of the alloy.
It is found that the medical zinc alloy at a rolling rate of 30 m/min exhibits the best implantation performance, achieving a dual improvement in anti-wear ability and corrosion resistance.
关键词
医用锌合金 /
轧制速率 /
磨损率 /
细晶强化 /
固溶强化
Key words
medical zinc alloy /
hot rolling speed /
wear rate /
fine grain strengthening /
solution strengthening
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基金
河北省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（226Z1004G）; 河北省自然科学基金（E2024209059）; 华北理工大学医工融合项目（ZD-YG-202427）; 河北省省属高校基本科研业务费（JJC2024080）
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