预氧化处理对锆合金包壳冲击-切向磨损行为的影响

王俊; 蔡振兵; 雷宇杰; 李正阳; 朱健健; 宁坡

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.005

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19) : 53-62. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.005

摩擦磨损与润滑

预氧化处理对锆合金包壳冲击-切向磨损行为的影响

王俊¹, 蔡振兵², 雷宇杰³, 李正阳⁴, 朱健健¹, 宁坡¹

作者信息 +

Effect of Pre-oxidation on the Impact-sliding Wear Behavior of Zirconium Alloy Cladding

WANG Jun¹, CAI Zhenbing², LEI Yujie³, LI Zhengyang⁴, ZHU Jianjian¹, NING Po¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的流致振动诱发的微动磨损是导致锆合金包壳失效的主要因素,揭示多维度耦合模式下包壳的磨损机理、延长其服役寿命是安全发展核能亟须解决的重点问题。研究核用Zr -Sn-Nb合金包壳在不同冲击能量下的冲-切磨损行为,以及预氧化处理对其耐磨性能的提升机制。方法采用特制高压釜对锆合金包壳进行预氧化处理,在其表面制备ZrO₂层。利用特制的冲击-切向磨损试验设备进行冲切磨损试验,获取包壳在不同冲击能量下的冲切磨损规律,揭示预氧化处理技术对其抗磨损性能的提升机制。结果经预氧化处理后,包壳硬度为233.5HV0.2,相较于基体（191.0HV0.2）提高了22.3%,表面粗糙度为0.306 μm,相较于基体（0.458 μm）降低了33.2%。当E_I=3.60 mJ时,预氧化包壳的冲击回弹速度、能量和冲击力略高于基体,而能量吸收率、切向摩擦力、摩擦因数和磨损体积相较于基体分别由39.1%、53.9 N、0.59、8.45×10⁵ μm³降至37.7%、44.90 N、0.39、8.01×10⁵ μm³。结论随着冲击能量的增加,基体的磨损机制由磨粒磨损和轻微疲劳磨损转变为以分层为主;预氧化涂层有效改善了包壳的表面质量,硬度升高,粗糙度降低,分别降低了冲切过程中的能量吸收率和切向摩擦因数,使其磨损机理转变为以轻微磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主,有效提高了其抗冲切磨损性能。

Abstract

The zirconium alloy cladding is the core component of the reactor in the nuclear power plant. During the service process, the cladding is affected by the axial and transverse flow formed by the high temperature, high pressure, and high-velocity water, which is easy to undergo impact-sliding coupling wear along the axial and radial directions with the positioning grid, resulting in the early failure of the cladding and the leakage of fission products. The work aims to investigate the impact-sliding wear behavior of fuel cladding under different impact energies and the mechanism of pre-oxidation treatment to improve its wear resistance. Firstly, the fuel cladding was pre-oxidized by a special autoclave. Before the wear test, the hardness, surface roughness, and phase composition of the pre-oxidized layer were characterized and tested by a Vickers hardness meter, white light interferometer, and X-ray diffractometer, and the surface morphology and thickness of the oxidative layer were measured through optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer. Finally, the special impact-sliding wear test equipment was used to carry out the impact-sliding wear test on the cladding before and after the pre-oxidation treatment under three different impact energies, to obtain the impact wear rule of the cladding under different impact energies and reveal the mechanism of improving the anti-wear performance of the pre-oxidation treatment technology. A parallel line contact form of tube/plane was adopted in the test and the test parameters were as follows: the sliding velocity was 90 mm/s, the impact velocity was 60, 90, and 120 mm/s, respectively and the number of cycles was 1×10⁴. After the test, a white light interferometer was used to test the wear scars, and the 3D morphologies of wear scars, cross-section profiles, wear area, and wear volume were obtained. The morphologies of wear scars were obtained by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. After pre-oxidation treatment, the hardness of the cladding was about 233.5HV0.2, which was 22.3% higher than that of the substrate (191.0HV0.2), and the surface roughness was 0.306 μm, which was 33.2% lower than that of the substrate (0.458 μm). The results showed that the impact force, friction, friction coefficient, absorbed energy, and wear volume of the cladding increased with the increase of impact energy whether before or after the pre-oxidation treatment, and the energy absorption rate increased firstly and then decreased. When the impact energy E_Iwas 3.60 mJ, the impact rebound speed, energy, and impact force of the pre-oxidized cladding were slightly higher than that of the substrate. The energy absorption rate, tangential friction force, friction coefficient, and wear volume decreased from 39.1%, 53.9 N, 0.59, and 8.45×10⁵ μm³ to 37.7%, 44.90 N, 0.39, and 8.01×10⁵ μm³, respectively. The pre-oxidation treatment technology was helpful to reduce the wear degree of the cladding. Besides, with the increase of impact energy, the wear mechanism of the uncoated cladding changed from abrasive wear and mild fatigue wear to delamination. The pre-oxidation treatment can effectively increase the rebound speed of the cladding, reduce the friction force, decrease the friction coefficient and energy absorption rate, and finally reduce the wear volume, change the wear mechanism into slight abrasive wear and fatigue wear, and effectively improve the impact-sliding wear resistance.

导出引用

王俊, 蔡振兵, 雷宇杰, 李正阳, 朱健健, 宁坡. 预氧化处理对锆合金包壳冲击-切向磨损行为的影响[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(19): 53-62 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.005

WANG Jun, CAI Zhenbing, LEI Yujie, LI Zhengyang, ZHU Jianjian, NING Po. Effect of Pre-oxidation on the Impact-sliding Wear Behavior of Zirconium Alloy Cladding[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(19): 53-62 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.005

中图分类号： TH117.1

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