目的 提高TA15钛合金的耐磨性能。方法 利用强流脉冲电子束（HCPEB）对TA15钛合金进行辐照处理,工作参数包括加速电压（26 kV）、能量密度（4 J/cm2）、脉冲宽度（2 μs）、辐照次数（1、3、8、15、22次）。利用X射线衍射仪对样品的物相组成进行分析,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察样品表面和截面的形貌,利用能谱分析仪分析样品表面元素含量的变化,利用扫描电子显微镜附件电子背散射衍射探头分析样品的位错密度和晶粒尺寸变化,利用数字式显微硬度计测试样品的维氏硬度,利用销盘式可控气氛微型摩擦磨损仪测试样品的耐磨性能。结果 TA15钛合金经HCPEB辐照处理后,其改性层中生成了单一α′马氏体相。样品表面出现了熔坑,随着辐照次数的增加,熔坑数量逐渐减少,粗糙度逐渐下降。经辐照处理后,晶粒明显细化,经过15次辐照处理,平均晶粒尺寸由原始样品的1.5 μm降至0.8 μm,晶粒尺寸范围由原始样品的0.2~9.1 μm降至0.2~4.7 μm。随着辐照次数的增加,位错密度均不同程度地提高,平均硬度降低。TA15钛合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损,经HCPEB处理后,样品的平均摩擦因数和磨损体积均减小,其中经15次辐照处理的样品的摩擦因数相较于原始样品的摩擦因数降低了约37%,其磨损体积减小了约19%。结论 通过强流脉冲电子束辐照处理提高了TA15钛合金的耐磨性,经过15次辐照处理的样品的耐磨性相对最佳。
Abstract
High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) technology is a new high-energy density charged particle beam technology in recent years. It has the characteristics of fast heating speed, small workpiece deformation, high modification efficiency, and precise modification area. Through microsecond level electron beam irradiation, the material surface undergoes instantaneous heating and rapid cooling. The intense thermal coupling effect can produce surface phase transition, surface purification, grain refinement, composition homogenization, and surface defect repair, thereby improving the surface properties of the material. TA15 (Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy is a typical near alpha titanium alloy with advantages such as high specific strength and high-temperature stability. It has been widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding and other fields. However, TA15 titanium alloy has poor wear resistance and its surface faces serious wear problems in high-strength, high-load and high-friction working environments. Therefore, this paper uses HCPEB to modify the surface of TA15 titanium alloy, exploring the changes in wear resistance and microscopic mechanisms of TA15 titanium alloy under different pulse number.
The TA15 titanium alloy is cut into samples with a size of 25 mm×10 mm×3 mm, and the surface is polished with 200-2000# sandpaper, polished with OPS silica polishing liquid, ultrasonically rinsed with alcohol, and dried with dry gas. The surface of the TA15 titanium alloy is irradiated with a HOPE-I HCPEB device. The working parameters of the HCPEB treatment are 26 kV acceleration voltage, 2 μs pulse width, 4 J/cm2 energy density, and 1, 3, 8, 15 and 22 pulses. The samples' phase composition is examined with a D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the samples are observed with a LEICA DMI8 metallographic microscope, a SU5000 field emission scanning electron microscope and an OLYMPUS OLS4000 laser confocal microscope. The surface roughness and surface extremes of the samples are measured with an OLYMPUS OLS4000 laser confocal microscope. The changes in the element content on the surface of the samples are analyzed with an Ultim Max energy spectrum analyzer. The changes in dislocation density and grain size of the samples are analyzed with a scanning electron microscope accessory, the SYMMETRY2 electron backscatter diffraction probe. The Vickers hardness of the samples is tested with a HXD-1000TMC/LCD digital microhardness tester. The wear resistance of the samples is measured with a WTM-2E pin-on-disc controlled atmosphere micro-tribometer.
According to the analysis results, after HCPEB irradiation treatment, a single α′ martensite phase is generated in the modified layer of TA15 titanium alloy. On the surface of the samples, craters develop. Both the roughness and the number of craters reduce as the number of pulses increases. After irradiation treatment, the grains are significantly refined. After 15 pulses, the average grain size decreases from 1.5 μm of the original sample to 0.8 μm, and the grain size range decreases from 0.2- 9.1 μm of the original sample to 0.2-4.7 μm. As the number of pulses increase, the dislocation density increases to varying degrees, and the average hardness decreases. The wear mechanism of TA15 titanium alloy is abrasive wear. After HCPEB irradiation treatment, the friction coefficient and wear volume of TA15 titanium alloy are reduced. Among them, the friction coefficient of the sample treated with 15 pulses is reduced by about 37% compared with the original sample, and the wear volume is reduced by about 19%.
In conclusion, high current pulsed electron beam irradiation improves the wear resistance of TA15 titanium alloy, and the sample shows the best wear resistance after 15 pulses.
关键词
强流脉冲电子束 /
表面改性 /
TA15钛合金 /
晶粒细化 /
耐磨性能
Key words
high current pulsed electron beam /
surface modification /
TA15 titanium alloy /
grain refinement /
wear resistance performance
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2019YFA0705300）
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