高温固相原位激光冲击技术在再制造领域的研究进展

李召旭; 胡效东; 董世运

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.001

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19) : 1-13. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.001

研究综述

高温固相原位激光冲击技术在再制造领域的研究进展

李召旭^1,2, 胡效东¹, 董世运^2,*

作者信息 +

Research Progress on High-temperature Solid-phase In-situ Laser Shock Technology in Remanufacturing

LI Zhaoxu^1,2, HU Xiaodong¹, DONG Shiyun^2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

高温固相原位激光冲击是一种作用于高温凝固金属的脉冲激光处理技术,通过脉冲激光与增材热源的同步移动,使得冲击波作用于材料熔池后的高温固相区域,在制造/修复过程中完成材料的表面改性和应力调控。针对高温固相原位激光冲击的国内外近期研究成果进行综述,首先基于固有应变理论和经典杆块模型,分析高温固相原位激光冲击的作用原理与优势。同时,借助高温激光冲击强化的研究成果,讨论高温条件下激光冲击对材料微观组织的演变,并系统对比约束层的缺失对激光能量和压缩残余应力的影响,在此基础上说明高温固相原位激光冲击相较于类似流程的层间处理在成型效率上的优势。针对不同的应用场景,分类阐述高温固相原位激光冲击在激光增材和电弧焊接中的应用情况,对工艺流程发展、工艺参数设置、微观机理及仿真计算进行归纳。最后,对高温固相原位激光冲击在再制造中的研究进展进行总结,并对下一阶段的发展方向进行展望。

Abstract

Laser shock peening (LSP) is widely used to adjust the microstructure and residual stress state of materials due to its high strain rate, high precision, and good controllability. In recent years, in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of LSP, in-situ LSP assisted additive manufacturing that synchronizes LSP and additive technology has emerged. This article introduces the technical principles and research progress of in-situ laser shock acting on high-temperature solid-phase at home and abroad, and discusses its application prospects. Taking laser shock forging (LSF) as an example, the principle of residual stress elimination by in-situ laser shock acting on high-temperature solid-phase regions is explained. The technical differences between high-temperature solid-phase in-situ laser shock and interlayer treatment are discussed. The application of high- temperature solid-phase in-situ laser shock in the fields of laser cladding and welding repair is elaborated. Finally, the research progress of high-temperature solid-phase in-situ laser shock in remanufacturing is summarized, and the development direction for the next stage is discussed. Under the theory of inherent strain, the key to reducing or eliminating the influence of residual tensile stress after additive manufacturing is to reduce or counteract the compressive plastic strain formed during the heating process. LSF introduces tensile strain at higher temperature, at which point the material is not fully yielded. Therefore, the excitation brought by the laser forces the material to yield first, and then accumulates tensile plastic strain to ambient temperature. Compared with LSP, LSF has higher operating temperature and the material is more prone to yield, resulting in a greater change in the inherent tensile strain after LSF treatment under the same impact pressure. Both 3D LSP and LSF introduce LSP into the interlayer of additive manufacturing, but the LSP in LSF is synchronized with the additive process. This allows the LSP in LSF to act at higher temperature than 3D LSP, resulting in better dynamic precipitation effects and thermal stress relaxation resistance of the microstructure. On the other hand, it also deprives LSF of the means to enhance impact strength through constraint layers. Domestic and foreign scholars' research on the application of high-temperature solid-phase in-situ laser shock mainly focuses on two aspects. One is the in-situ process that combines dual lasers with additive technology to achieve synchronous manufacturing and processing. The second is to combine arc welding with high-temperature solid-phase in-situ laser shock to complete the additive or repair process. As an emerging in-situ synchronous manufacturing process, the high efficiency and wide applicability of high-temperature solid-phase in-situ laser shock treatment make it have great potential for future applications. However, due to the wide variety of materials, complex integration of experimental equipment, and time-consuming simulation, it has high experimental costs and time costs to obtain optimal process parameters. Utilizing methods such as artificial intelligence, big data, and deep learning is a feasible approach to efficiently and effectively select machining parameters with high quality. In addition, further research is needed on the stress regulation mechanism, repair layer microstructure evolution, and performance quantification evaluation of this process.

导出引用

李召旭, 胡效东, 董世运. 高温固相原位激光冲击技术在再制造领域的研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(19): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.001

LI Zhaoxu, HU Xiaodong, DONG Shiyun. Research Progress on High-temperature Solid-phase In-situ Laser Shock Technology in Remanufacturing[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(19): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.19.001

中图分类号： TG665

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